Chapter 2 Review questions

Question 1

1. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can be found i(o)n (select all the answers that apply)
   a. tissues b. phagocytes c. dendritic cells
2. Specify the locations of PRRs within a cell: cell membrane, endosome and cytoplasm.
   _________________________________________________
3. True or false? Please correct if the statement is false. _____ Innate immune system is the first step in host defense capable of controlling and even eradicating infections.
4. True or false? Please correct if the statement is false. _____ Innate immune system instructs the adaptive immune system to respond to microbes.

Answer 1

1. b & c
2. cell membrane, endosome & cytoplasm
3. True
4. True

Question 2

5. True or false? Please correct if the statement is false. The innate immune system has the ability to recognize nonmicrobial antigens. _________. It does not recognize normal self-structures.
6. True or false? Please correct if the statement is false. _______. The innate adaptive immune system is capable of forming “memory” for future microbes to target upon entry into the body.
7. True or false? Please correct if the statement is false. _____. Complement system in the innate immunity is activated by the classical alternative pathway.
8. True or false? Please correct if the statement is false. ____. NK cells kill target cells expressing a few or no MHC class-I molecules.

Answer 2

5. F It does not recognize normal self structures
6. F
7. F
8. T

Question 3

9. True or false? Please correct if the statement is false. ____. Histamine causes vasoconstriction vasodilation during inflammation.
10. Name one cell in the innate immunity that is a nonphagocytic barrier: __________ cells.
11. Two most important transcription factors activated by TLR signals are ___ and ____.

12.___ is the process of coating microbes to facilitate recognition by phagocytes.
 

Answer 3

9. F
10. NK
11. NFKB and IRF-3
12. Opsonization

Question 4

13. Macrophages that have ingested microbes produce a cytokine called ______ which triggers NK cells to secrete _______, which in turn activates macrophages to produce enzymes needed to kill ingested microbes.
14. _______ is a weak antibiotic secreted by the epithelial cells of the epidermis.
15. Sebum has an ___________ pH (acidic/alkaline) which helps destroy some microorganisms.
16. _____ _______ cells release preformed cytotoxic granules such as perforin and granzyme to kill abnormal cells.

Answer 4

13. IL-12
    IFN-gamma
14. Lysozyme
15. Acidic
16. NK

Question 5

17. The four cardinal signs (‘R’s) are __, ____, ______ and ________
18. _____ pathway of complement activation is triggered by mannose-binding lectin.
19. Rearrange the steps involved in Phagocytosis:
    a. proteolysis b. phagolysosome c. extension of the plasma membrane
    d. binding of microbe e. phagosome f. closing and pinching
    Correct answer: ___ ____ ___  ___ ____ ____

Answer 5

17. Rubor
    Tumor
    Calor
    Dolor
18. Lectin/alternative
19. d c f e b a

Question 6

20. Rearrange the steps involved in signaling functions of TLRs:

a. Antiviral state b. TLR engagement of viral molecule
c. Activation of transcription factors d. Type 1 interferon (IFN)
Correct answer: ____ ____ ___  ___

21. Rearrange the steps involved in Emigration:
    a. integrin activation b. migration c. rolling d. adhesion
    Correct answer: ____ ____ ____  _

Answer 6

20. b c d a

21. c a d b