Chapter 2: The Chemical Context Of Life Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 2: The Chemical Context Of Life Deck (23)
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1
Q

What is matter?

A

Something that has mass and volume

2
Q

What do elements consist of?

A

Protons, neutrons (in the nucleus), and electron clouds

A specific type of atom

3
Q

What is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element?

A

Atom

4
Q

About ____% - _____% of the 92 elements are essential to life.

A

20-25

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur

Trace elements

5
Q

What is a compound?

A

Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

Different characteristics from those if it’s elements

6
Q

The smallest functional unit of matter that form all chemical substances

A

Atoms

7
Q

What are the three subatomic particles?

A

Protons and neutrons (in the nucleus)

and electrons found in energy shell orbitals

8
Q

Same element but different # of neutrons?

A

Isotopes

9
Q

If the number of protons change it changes the ________.

A

Element

10
Q

Protons mass and _________ mass are almost identical.

A

Neutron

11
Q

What is the unit of atomic mass?

A

Daltons

12
Q

The # of protons distinguishes one _________ from another.

A

Element

13
Q

How can you find the # of neutrons?

A

Subtract the atomic number from what atomic mass

14
Q

Atoms of an element have the same number of ________ but differ in the number of ________.

A

Protons, neutrons

15
Q

What are valance electrons?

A

Mother most electrons

16
Q

What plays a role in chemical reactions?

A

Valance electrons

17
Q

What energy is the energy that matter has because of its location or structure

A

Potential

18
Q

The further out on electron shells the more ________ it has.

A

Energy

19
Q

Electrons in the outer most shell?

A

Valance electrons

20
Q

What is the chemical behavior of an atom mostly determined by?

A

The valance electrons

21
Q

What orbitals are spherical?

A

S orbitals

22
Q

What orbitals are propeller or dumbbells snapped?

A

P orbitals

23
Q

Each orbital can only hold ____ electrons. An atoms with more than 2 electrons has more than 1 orbital.

A

2