Chapter 8: An Intro to Metabolism

Question 1

What catabolism?

Answer 1

When something is being broken down, releases energy

Question 2

What is anabolism?

Answer 2

Building or making something, this requires energy

Question 3

Synthesis of cell molecules and structures

Answer 3

Biosynthesis

Question 4

Are Endergonic reactions anabolic or catabolism?

Answer 4

Anabolic

Question 5

Are excergonic reactions anabolic or catabolic?

Answer 5

Catabolic

Question 6

Breaks the bonds of larger molecules to release energy

Answer 6

Catabolism (exergonic reactions)

Question 7

Metabolic reactions may be _______

Answer 7

Coupled

Question 8

What is the study of energy transformations?

Answer 8

Thermodynamics

Question 9

Are organisms an open or closed system?

Answer 9

Open

Question 10

What’s an example of a closed system?

Answer 10

Thermos, no exchange with the environment

Question 11

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 11

Energy of the universe is constant

Energy can be transferred and transformed

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Question 12

The first law of of thermodynamics is also called….

Answer 12

The principle of conservation of energy

Question 13

The second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 13

• during every energy transfer or transformation, some energy is unusable, often lost as heat
• every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe

Question 14

Spontaneous processes occur without _________; they can happen quickly or slowly

Answer 14

Energy input

Question 15

For a process to occur without energy input, it must increase the ……

Answer 15

Entropy of the universe

Question 16

Entropy (disorder) may _______ in an organism, but the universe’s total entropy _________

Answer 16

Decreases, increases

Question 17

How can you tell which processes are spontaneous?

Answer 17

If delta G is negative

Question 18

What is delta G?

Answer 18

Free energy/ energy that can do work

Question 19

What is delta H?

Answer 19

Total energy

Question 20

T stands for?

Answer 20

Temperature

Question 21

What is delta S?

Answer 21

Change in the entropy

Question 22

Delta G =

Answer 22

Delta H - T delta S

Question 23

Is a measure of a system’s instability, it’s tendency to change to a more stable state

Answer 23

Free energy

Question 24

During spontaneous change, free energy _______ and the stability of a system ________

Answer 24

Decreases, increases

Question 25

What is the state of maximum stability?

Answer 25

Equilibrium When delta G is 0

Question 26

A process is spontaneous and can perform work only when it is moving towards...

Answer 26

Equilibrium

Question 27

Reactions in closed systems eventually reach __________ and then.....

Answer 27

Equilibrium, | Do no work

Question 28

The bonds between the phosphate groups of ATP’s tail can be broken by...... This releases _________

Answer 28

Hydrolysis Energy

Question 29

Speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without becoming part of the products or consumed in the reaction

Answer 29

Catalysts

Question 30

What are biological catalysts?

Answer 30

Enzymes, | They can be reused

Question 31

What is induced fit?

Answer 31

Brings Chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the reactions

Question 32

Enzymes do not effect ______; instead they hasten reactions they would occur eventually

Answer 32

Delta G (change in free energy)

Question 33

Catalysis in the enzyme’s active site can lower activation energy barrier by .....

Answer 33

- orienting substrates correctly - straining substrate bonds - providing a favorable micro environment - covalently bonding time the substrate

Question 34

What is a non-protein enzyme helper?

Answer 34

Cofactor, ex. Iron, zinc | Coenzyme- when the cofactor is organic ex.vitamins

Question 35

a biochemically active compound formed by the combination of an enzyme with a coenzyme.

Answer 35

Holoenzyme

Question 36

Where do competitive inhibitors bind?

Answer 36

The active site

Question 37

Noncompetitive inhibitors bind where? What effect do they have?

Answer 37

The alosteric site, opposite of the active site. They change the shape of the enzyme making it less effective

Question 38

Sometimes binding to the allosteric site can inhibit or prohibit the active site (true or false)

Answer 38

True

Question 39

The binding of an activator stabilizes the ______ from of the enzyme

Answer 39

Active

Question 40

The binding of an inhibitor stabilizes the ________ from of the enzyme

Answer 40

Inactive

Question 41

_____________ is a form of allosteric regulation that can amplify enzyme activity

Answer 41

Cooperativity

Question 42

In copperativity, binding by a substrate to one active site stabilizes favorable conformational changes at .....

Answer 42

All other subunits

Question 43

When the end product of a metabolic pathway sits down the pathway

Answer 43

Feedback inhibition

Question 44

Some enzymes act as ___________ components of membranes

Answer 44

Structural