Chapter 20 Flashcards
(18 cards)
Which of the following is the correct way to write the scientific name for humans?
A. Homo sapiens
B. homo sapiens
C. Homo sapiens
D. homo sapiens
C. Homo sapiens
Which of the following taxonomic categories includes the greatest number of species?
A. Animalia
B. Panthera
C. Felidae
D. Carnivora
E. Mammalia
B. Panthera
Which of the following taxonomic categories includes the fewest number of species?
A. Animalia
B. Panthera
C. Felidae
D. Carnivora
E. Mammalia
B. Panthera
Biological classification is an inclusive hierarchical system (e.g., species, genus, family, class). Which of the following is also an inclusive hierarchical system?
A. music: classical, jazz, rock, hip-hop
B. class: first year, sophomore, junior, senior
C. military rank: private, corporal, major, colonel, etc.
D. address: street, city, state, nation, etc.
D. address: street, city, state, nation, etc.
In a phylogenetic tree, the arrangement of branches depicts what about the taxa it contains?
A. their phenotypic similarity
B. their geographic distribution
C. their patterns of descent
D. their amount of evolutionary change
E. their common ancestors
C. their patterns of descent
In a phylogenetic tree, the length of branches depicts what about the taxa it contains?
A. their phenotypic similarity
B. their geographic distribution
C. their patterns of descent
D. their amounts of evolutionary change
E. their common ancestors
D. their amounts of evolutionary change
In a phylogenetic tree, the nodes of branches depict what about the taxa it contains?
A. their phenotypic similarity
B. their geographic distribution
C. their patterns of descent
D. their amounts of evolutionary change
E. their common ancestors
E. their common ancestors
Different organisms that possess homologous structures probably ________.
A. evolved from the same ancestor
B. are headed for extinction
C. by chance had similar mutations in the past
D. are not related
E. have increased genetic diversity
A. evolved from the same ancestor
Which of the following pairs are homologous?
A. struts in dragonfly wing and bones in penguin flipper
B. struts in dragonfly wing and bones in bat wing
C. dragonfly wing and bat wing
D. seal flipper and penguin flipper
E. bones in penguin flipper and bones in bat wing
E. bones in penguin flipper and bones in bat wing
Which of the following species would make the most suitable outgroup species for a cladogram relative to all the other listed species?
A. frog
B. tuna
C. snake
D. penguin
E. bat
B. tuna
When describing a group of organisms, you speak about an ancestral species and some, but not all, of its descendants. This
is an example of a __________.
A. monophyletic group
B. polyphyletic group
C. paraphyletic group
C. paraphyletic group
When describing a group of organisms, you speak about an several distantly related species, excluding their most recent common ancestor. This is an example of a _________.
A. monophyletic group
B. polyphyletic group
C. paraphyletic group
B. polyphyletic group
When describing a group of organisms, you speak about an ancestral species and all of its descendants. This is an example
of a ____________.
A. monophyletic group
B. polyphyletic group
C. paraphyletic group
A. monophyletic group
Hair on mammals when compared to non-mammals is an example of a ________.
A. shared derived character
B. shared ancestral character
C. polyphyletic group
D. paraphyletic group
A. shared derived character
Hair on humans and chimps when compared to other mammals is an example of a __________.
A. shared derived character
B. shared ancestral character
C. paraphyletic character
D. polyphyletic character
B. shared ancestral character
Which of the following kingdoms is now obsolete based on phylogeny?
A. Plantae
B. Fungi
C. Protista
D. Monera
D. Monera
In terms of a molecular clock, histone genes “tick” almost imperceptibly slowly (0.01 amino acid substitutions per 10^9 years), while fibrinopeptides genes evolve almost 1,000 times as fast. What accounts for these different clock rates?
A. Mutations occur much more frequently in fibrinopetides than in histones.
B. Mutations in fibrinopeptides are much less harmful than those in histones.
C. Fibrinopeptide genes are much larger than histone genes.
D. Fibrinopeptide genes are much more common than histone genes.
B. Mutations in fibrinopeptides are much less harmful than those in histones.
Of the roughly 20,000 genes in the human genome, approximately 145 are shown to have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer. Which of the following phylogenetic patterns is consistent with horizontal gene transfer?
A. Humans and all eukaryotes have histone genes.
B. Only vertebrates have the CCN gene family.
C. Only vertebrates and bacteria have the gene that confers ABO blood type.
D. The gene ARHGAP11B is found only in humans.
C. Only vertebrates and bacteria have the gene that confers ABO blood type.
