Test 2

Question 1

Name an organelle found in plants but not in animals.

Answer 1

Chloroplast

Question 2

Rough ER had a large number of _______ on it.

Answer 2

Ribosomes

Question 3

Sperm cells move using a _____.

Answer 3

Flagella

Question 4

Structures involved in muscle movement are _______.

Answer 4

Microfilaments

Question 5

______ are synthesized in smooth ER.

Answer 5

Lipids

Question 6

Presence of ______ is the most fundamental difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

Lysosomes function in ____________.

Answer 7

Digestion inside of cells

Question 8

Ribosomes are synthesized in ________.

Answer 8

Nucleolus

Question 9

How are the cell walls of plants and bacteria different?

Answer 9

Plants have cellulose and bacteria do not

Question 10

Bacteria cells are ______ while animal cells are ________.

Answer 10

Eukaryotic, prokaryotic

Question 11

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 11

Powerhouse of the cell (energy production)

Question 12

What is the function of smooth ER?

Answer 12

Fat production and detoxification

Question 13

What is the function of Golgi apparatus?

Answer 13

Post office of the cell (export)

Question 14

What is the function of the vacuole in plants?

Answer 14

Storage

Question 15

ATP is composed of ________ , _________ , and _________.

Answer 15

Adenine base, ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups

Question 16

An ________ is a protein molecule that functions as an organic catalyst to speed up a chemical reaction.

Answer 16

Enzyme

Question 17

The energy that must be added to cause molecule to react with each other is called _________.

Answer 17

Activation energy

Question 18

Enzymes ________ the activation energy.

Answer 18

Lower

Question 19

Enzymes are very _______ in their action and are named after their __________.

Answer 19

Specific, substrates

Question 20

What happens to an enzyme at high temperature or very high or very low pH?

Answer 20

It is denatured

Question 21

In _________ inhibition, another molecule competes with the substrate for the enzymes active site.

Answer 21

Competitive

Question 22

In _________ inhibition, a product produced in high amounts by enzymatic reaction can inhibit the enzyme’s activity.

Answer 22

Feedback

Question 23

ATP is called the energy ________ of the cell.

Answer 23

Currency

Question 24

Energy is _________ when making ATP from ADP.

Answer 24

Absorbed

Question 25

Energy is _________ when breaking down ATP to ADP.

Answer 25

Released

Question 26

Give two examples of enzymes

Answer 26

Lactose, meat tenderizer

Question 27

Define coenzymes

Answer 27

Any non-protein substance an enzyme needs for its function

Question 28

List the functions for each of the following types of proteins: A. Channel proteins: __________ B. Carrier proteins: _________ C. Cell Recognition Proteins (Glycoproteins): ________ D. Receptor Proteins: ________ E. Enzymatic Proteins : ________

Answer 28

A. Channel proteins: 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐥𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐬 B. Carrier proteins: 𝐀𝐭𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐭𝐨 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐛𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦 𝐢𝐧 C. Cell Recognition Proteins (Glycoproteins): 𝐈𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐬 D. Receptor Proteins: 𝐑𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬 E. Enzymatic Proteins : 𝐌𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐞 𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐧𝐳𝐲𝐦𝐞𝐬

Question 29

What type of molecules can pass through the plasma membrane?

Answer 29

Non-polar and very small

Question 30

What type of molecules cannot pass through the plasma membrane?

Answer 30

Polar and larger molecules

Question 31

Passive transport does not use _____.

Answer 31

Energy

Question 32

Active transport uses ________.

Answer 32

Energy (goes against the gradient)

Question 33

Define diffusion.

Answer 33

Movement of molecules from area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 34

In a __________ solution, the solute concentration is the same on both sides of the membrane

Answer 34

Isotonic

Question 35

If cell is placed in a _______ solution, water enters the cell and may cause the cell to burst.

Answer 35

Hypotonic

Question 36

In a ________ solution, water leaves the cell and cell shrinks.

Answer 36

Hypertonic

Question 37

Define endocytosis.

Answer 37

Cell brings in materials using a using a vesticle

Question 38

Define exocytosis.

Answer 38

Cell exports materials using a vesticle

Question 39

___________ occurs when large material are taken in.

Answer 39

Phagocytosis

Question 40

________ occurs when small materials are taken in.

Answer 40

Pinocytosis