Test 3

Question 1

Write the following equation for photosynthesis.

Answer 1

6CO2 + 6H2O ➪ C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 2

What are the two major reactions of photosynthesis?

Answer 2

Light dependent and light independent

Question 3

Light independent reactions are also known as ________ cycle.

Answer 3

Calvin

Question 4

How many turns of the cycle produce a 3-carbon sugar?

Answer 4

3 turns

Question 5

Flat sacs inside of the chloroplast are called ______

Answer 5

Grana

Question 6

What are the two photosystems and what does each produce ?

Answer 6

Photosystem II (PSII): ATP
Photosystem I (PSI): NADPH

Question 7

Give an example of a C3 plant.

Answer 7

Rice

Question 8

Give an example of a C4 plant.

Answer 8

Corn

Question 9

Give an example of a plant that carries out photosynthesis at night.

Answer 9

Cactus and pineapple

Question 10

Why are plants green?

Answer 10

Plants absorb all wavelengths of light other than green

Question 11

Write the overall cellular respiration equation:

Answer 11

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ➪ 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 12

List the four stages of aerobic cellular respiration:

Answer 12

a. Glycolysis
b. Transition reaction
c. Krebs cycle
d. Electron transport chain

Question 13

NAD ⁺ accepts electrons and becomes _______.

Answer 13

NADH

Question 14

FAD accepts two electrons and becomes _________.

Answer 14

FADH ₂

Question 15

Glycolysis is break down of ___________

Answer 15

Glucose to 2 pyruvates

Question 16

Glycolysis takes place in _________________.

Answer 16

Cytoplasm outside of mitochondria

Question 17

How many net ATP molecules are formed during glycolysis ________.

Answer 17

2 net

Question 18

Inner-membrane of mitochondria is called _______ and innermost compartment is called _______.

Answer 18

Cristae, matrix

Question 19

Transition reaction and kreb’s cycle enzymes are located in ______ while _____________ is located in cristae.

Answer 19

Matrix, electron transport chain

Question 20

In transition reaction, pyruvate is converted to two carbon _________ which enters the Krebs’s cycle.

Answer 20

acetyl COA

Question 21

How many turns does Krebs’s cycle make per glucose molecule?

Answer 21

2 turns

Question 22

Per cycle, Krebs’s cycle produces ____ CO2, _____ NADH,____ FADH and ______ ATP.

Answer 22

2,3,1,1

Question 23

In electron transport chain, what is the final acceptor of electrons ________ which is converted to________.

Answer 23

oxygen, water

Question 24

What percent of energy of glucose becomes ATP____ and what
percent becomes heat ____.

Answer 24

40%, 60%

Question 25

How many ATP molecules are produced per molecule of NADH _____and FADH ______.

Answer 25

3,2

Question 26

How many total ATP molecules are produced in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 26

38

Question 27

How many total ATP molecules are produced inside of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells __________?

Answer 27

36

Question 28

Fats are broken down to __________ which enters the Krebs's cycle

Answer 28

acetyl COA

Question 29

fermentation does not require ________

Answer 29

Oxygen

Question 30

Fermentation consists of glycolysis and one other reaction that might convert _______ to _______.

Answer 30

pyruvate, lactic acid

Question 31

One product of fermentation is a two carbon molecule called _______

Answer 31

ethyl alcohol

Question 32

What percent of energy of glucose is converted to ATP in fermentation?

Answer 32

2%

Question 33

Where in human body does anaerobic respiration happen _______ and final product is ________.

Answer 33

muscle cells, _lactic acid

Question 34

Which one of the following molecules is more efficient in energy storage? a. Fats b. Carbohydrates

Answer 34

a. Fats

Question 35

35. Define these words: a. Diploid b. Haploid

Answer 35

a. Diploid- Full the number of chromosomes b. Haploid- Half of the number of chromosomes

Question 36

Cytokinesis is ___________.

Answer 36

Division of cytoplasm

Question 37

Define mitosis

Answer 37

Cell division in which it produces two daughter cells that are identical to the mother cell

Question 38

What happens during the metaphase stage of cell cycle ?

Answer 38

Chromosomes and their copies are located in middle of the cell

Question 39

What happens during the anaphase stage of cell cycle?

Answer 39

Sister chromatids start to separate from each other

Question 40

Define meiosis

Answer 40

Cell division in which it produces four cells, each with half as many chromosomes as the mother cell

Question 41

What are gametes ______________ and how many chromosomes do they have in humans?

Answer 41

sperm and egg, 23

Question 42

What is crossing over?

Answer 42

When homologous chromosomes exchange parts

Question 43

Meiosis is divided into two stages called

Answer 43

a. meiosis I b. Meiosis II

Question 44

Give one big importance of meiosis.

Answer 44

It keeps the chromosomes numbers constant

Question 45

When homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis I, It is called ___________.

Answer 45

non-disjunction

Question 46

Persons with Down syndrome have three copies of the chromosome # ________.

Answer 46

21

Question 47

A female with one X chromosome has ________ syndrome.

Answer 47

Turner

Question 48

A male that has XXY sex chromosomes has ___________ syndrome.

Answer 48

Klinefelter

Question 49

What happens during the telophase stage of cell cycle?

Answer 49

Sister chromatids arrive at the poles, centrioles disintegrate, nucleolus reappears, cytokinesis starts

Question 50

Crossing over occurs during __________.

Answer 50

prophase I

Question 51

Define karyotype

Answer 51

It is a photographic inventory of an individual’s chromosomes

Question 52

Name three symptoms of Down syndrome.

Answer 52

Low IQ, Tongue larger than mouth, slanted eyes

Question 53

Name two symptoms of Turner syndrome.

Answer 53

Short height, no menstrual cycle, no breast development

Question 54

Name two symptoms of Klinefelter syndrome.

Answer 54

Breast development, tall height, long limbs, small testis