Test 4 Flashcards
(24 cards)
The display of pairs of chromosomes based on banding pattern and arranged by size
and shape is called ___________.
Karyotype
If homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis it is called _________.
non-disjunction
Genes on _____ chromosome determine the development of male genitals.
Y
Name two sex-linked disorders in males :
a. Hemophilia
b. Color blindness
Define the word mutation.
Any change in DNA or chromosomes
DNA is made up of __________________________________________.
deoxyribose sugar & Nitrogen base & Phosphate group
Name the four bases found in DNA
a. Thymine
b. Cytosine
c. Adenine
d. Guanine
The two strands of DNA form a __________ helix.
double
A pairs with ________ and C pairs with _______.
T,G
The enzyme used in DNA replication is called ________________.
DNA Polymerase
DNA replication is called ________________ because each new double helix has one old strand and one new strand
semiconservative
Name the three kinds of RNA:
a. messenger RNA
b.Transfer RNA
c. Ribosomal RNA
State three differences between RNA and DNA:
a. DNA is double stranded while RNA is single-stranded
b. DNA has deoxyribose while RNA has ribose
c. DNA has thymine while RNA has uracil
- Define the following terms
a. alleles:
b. dominant:
c. recessive:
d. genotype:
e. phenotype:
a. alleles: Genes that code for a characteristic such as eye color
b. dominant: Majority characteristic
c. recessive: Minority characteristic
d. genotype: Genes of an individual
e. phenotype: The characteristic that is shown on the outside
__________ means that the two members of the allelic pair are the same such as WW
Homozygous
___________ means that the two members of the allelic pair are different such as Ww.
Heterozygous
__________have only one allele for each trait.
Egg and sperm
A blue-eyed man marries a brown eyed woman whose father was blue eyed and
mother was brown eyed. What are the chances that
a. the children will be blue eyed ?
b. the children will be brown eyed ?
50% , 50%
When a genetic disease autosomal __________, an individual with the alleles AA or Aa will have the disorder and will show up in __________ generation.
dominant, every
In ____________________ there is a progressive
degeneration of brain cells.
Huntington’s disease
Name three autosomal recessive diseases:
sickle cell anemia, Cystic fibrosis, PKU
_____________ inheritance occurs when one trait is governed by two or more sets of alleles.
Polygenic
Give an example of trait governed by multiple alleles.
human height
Which blood type represents codominance _______________.
AB
