Final

Question 1

The central dogma of molecular biology states the information moves from __________ through ______ to ________.

Answer 1

DNA, RNA, Poteins

Question 2

Name the three types of RNA

Answer 2

A. mRNA
B. tRNA
C. rRNA

Question 3

_________ occurs in nucleus where DNA acts as a template for _______ production. While _________ occurs in cytoplasm on ribosomes to produce ___________.

Answer 3

Transcription, mRNA. Translation, proteins.

Question 4

_________ RNA molecules bring amino acids to ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Answer 4

Transfer

Question 5

During _________ translation is started; during ____________ it continues and during ___________ it stops.

Answer 5

Initiation, elongation, termination

Question 6

Taking up of DNA from the fluid around the cell is called __________.

Answer 6

Transformation

Question 7

When male and female bacterial cells are joined by a sex pili, it is called ______________.

Answer 7

Conjugation

Question 8

Transfer of genes by a phage is called _____________.

Answer 8

Transduction

Question 9

Enzymes used to cut up DNA are called ____________.

Answer 9

Endonuclease

Question 10

What does RFLP stand for?

Answer 10

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

Question 11

The procedure the separates DNA based on size and charge is called ___________________.

Answer 11

Gel electrophoresis

Question 12

What method can be used in making many copies of a piece of DNA?

Answer 12

PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

Question 13

What is the F factor?

Answer 13

F factor is a portion of E. coli DNA that carries genes for making sex pili and conjugation

Question 14

What is an R plasmid?

Answer 14

Plasmid that carries genes for antibiotic resistance

Question 15

Give an example of where nucleic acid probes are used.

Answer 15

Testing if a person
carries the genes for cystic fibrosis

Question 16

What are the advantages of using bacteria or yeast for production of human
proteins?

Answer 16

They grow fast. Easy and cheap to grow them

Question 17

Where is reverse transcriptase used?

Answer 17

Making DNA from mRNA

Question 18

What does DNA sequencing accomplish?

Answer 18

Find ATCG sequences of an organism

Question 19

Use of farm animals to produce human proteins is called ___________.

Answer 19

Pharming

Question 20

What are plasmids?

Answer 20

Extra-chromosomal pieces of DNA found in bacteria and
yeast

Question 21

What is the name of the product when a foreign DNA has been inserted into a
plasmid?

Answer 21

Recombinant DNA

Question 22

Name one product produced by recombinant DNA technology.

Answer 22

Insulin

Question 23

What enzyme is used to attach pieces of DNA together?

Answer 23

DNA ligase

Question 24

Name one use of DNA fingerprinting.

Answer 24

Paternity testing to find out who is the
father of a baby

Question 25

What is a transgenic organism?

Answer 25

An organism with foreign DNA in its genome

Question 26

What is CRISPER CAS9:

Answer 26

A method for surgically altering an organism’s DNA

Question 27

What pH is acidic, basic or neutral?

Answer 27

0-6.9 acidic, 7 neutral; 7.1-14 basic

Question 28

Where glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain occurs.

Answer 28

Glycolysis in cytoplasm, Kreb’s cycle in matrix of mitochondria and electron transport chain in wall of mitochondria

Question 29

What molecule/atom is the final electron acceptor in Electron transport chain?

Answer 29

Oxygen

Question 30

Both Aerobic and Anerobic organism have what pathway in common?

Answer 30

Glycolysis

Question 31

Citric acid cycle produces _____________ and ______________.

Answer 31

NADH and FADH2

Question 32

Each organism has only ____ alleles for each gene.

Answer 32

two

Question 33

Give an example of incomplete dominance:

Answer 33

white flower x red flower = pink flower

Question 34

In pea plants, tall is dominant over short and purple flowers is dominant over white flowers. TtPp x TtPp =

Answer 34

9 tall and purple, 3 tall and white, 3 short and purple, one short and white

Question 35

Ff x ff ->

Answer 35

50% dominant and 50% recessive