Chapter 20 Postmenopausal Sonography And Sonohysterography

Question 1

The most common female genital tract malignancy is:

Answer 1

Endometrial carcinoma

Question 2

Endometrial polyps are associated with all (3):

Answer 2

• Intermenstrual bleeding
• Tamoxifen therapy
• Prolapse through the cervix

Question 3

Endometrial hyperplasia may be caused by:

Answer 3

Endometrial atrophy

Question 4

68 year old patient presents to the sonography department complaining of vaginal bleeding . The most likely cause of bleeding is:

Answer 4

Endometrial atrophy

Question 5

With endometrial atrophy, the endometrial thickness should not exceed:

Answer 5

5mm

Question 6

An 84 year old patient presents to the sonography department with sudden onset of vaginal bleeding . Her endometrial thickness should not exceed:

Answer 6

5mm

Question 7

Asymptomatic 65 year-old patient presents to the sonography department with pelvic pain but no vaginal bleeding. Her endometrial thickness should not exceed:

Answer 7

8mm

Question 8

Causes of postmenopausal bleeding include:

Answer 8

• Endometrial atrophy
• Endometrial hyperplasia
• Intracavity fibroids

Question 9

______would most likely lead to the development of endometrial adhesions?

Answer 9

D and C

Question 10

Tamoxifen effects on the endometrium will sonographically appear as:

Answer 10

Cystic changes within a thickened endometrium

Question 11

______would be most likely to cause postmenopausal bleeding?

Answer 11

Thecoma

Question 12

Tamoxifen has been linked with (3):

Answer 12

*Endometrial polyps
*Endometrial hyperplasia
*Endometrial carcinoma

Question 13

The sonographic appearance of a 59 year old women on HRT is:

Answer 13

Variable depending upon the menstrual cycle

Question 14

Unopposed estrogen therapy has been shown to increase the risk for developing:

Answer 14

Endometrial carcinoma

Question 15

Possible benefit of ERT include:

Answer 15

*Reduction in osteoporosis risk
*Risk in colon cancer risk
*Reduction in heart disease risk

Question 16

The breast cancer treatment drug that may alter the sonographic appearance of the endometrium is:

Answer 16

Tamoxifen

Question 17

What hormone plays a major role in the symptoms associated with menopause?

Answer 17

Estrogenate

Question 18

Stein-Leventhal syndrome is related to:

Answer 18

*Infertility
*Anovulatory cycles
*Hirsutism

Question 19

Cessation of menstruation with advanced age is termed:

Answer 19

Menopause

Question 20

What is a gynecologic procedure to remove an endometrial polyp?

Answer 20

Hysteroscopy with polypectomy

Question 21

______would increase the risk of a patient developing endometrial cancer?

Answer 21

Unopposed ERT

Question 22

Blood accumulation within the uterus is termed:

Answer 22

Hematometra

Question 23

Description of endometrial polyps:

Answer 23

Benign nodules of hyperplastic endometrial tissue

Question 24

The most common cause of postmenopausal bleeding is:

Answer 24

Endometrial atrophy

Question 25

Measurement of the endometrium should include:

Answer 25

Measurement from the basal layer to the basal layer

Question 26

What is the most common form of endometrial carcinoma?

Answer 26

Adenocarcinoma

Question 27

The removal of tissue from the endometrium by scraping is termed:

Answer 27

Curettage

Question 28

What is used as a tumor marker for endometrial carcinoma?

Answer 28

CA-125

Question 29

What would increase a patient's likelihood of a suffering from thromboembolism?

Answer 29

ERT

Question 30

Asherman syndrome is associated with:

Answer 30

Endometrial adhesions

Question 31

The absence of menstrual bleeding is termed:

Answer 31

Amenorrhea

Question 32

What is the most likely pulsed doppler characteristic of endometrial cancer?

Answer 32

Low-impedance flow

Question 33

Because of the lack of circulating estrogen during and after menopause, there is a notable increase risk for developing?

Answer 33

Osteopenia and osteoporosis

Question 34

Treatment for endometrial polys is typically a:

Answer 34

Polypectomy with the use of hysteroscopy

Question 35

Endometrial polyps are better visualized with the use of:

Answer 35

Saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS)

Question 36

_______is the most common female genital tract malignancy, with PMB being the most common clinical presentation

Answer 36

Endometrial carcinoma

Question 37

Elevation of _______has been linked with cancers of the ovary, endometrium, breast, gastrointestinal tract and lungs

Answer 37

CA-125

Question 38

If the endometrium measures less than 5mm, the bleeding is typically caused by:

Answer 38

Endometrial atrophy

Question 39

______are small nodules of hyperplastic endometrial tissue that may cause abnormal vaginal bleeding in both postmenopausal or perimenopausal woman

Answer 39

Endometrial polyps

Question 40

______is often used to combat the reduction of estrogen circulating in the female body after menopause and to prevent menopausal symptoms

Answer 40

Hormone replacement therapy

Question 41

______is an increase in the number of endometrial cells

Answer 41

Endometrial hyperplasia

Question 42

_____is a sonographic procedure that uses saline instillation into the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities

Answer 42

Saline infusion sonohysterography

Question 43

_____is a breast cancer drug that inhibits the effects of estrogen on the breast, thus slowing the growth of malignant breast cells

Answer 43

Tamoxifen

Question 44

_____is the presence of intrauterine adhesions or synechiae within the uterine cavity that typically occur as a result of scar formation after uterine surgery

Answer 44

Asherman syndrome

Question 45

Patients undergoing menopause may also suffer from:

Answer 45

*Night sweats *Hot flashes *Mood changes *Depression *Dyspareunia *Dysuria *Decrease in libido

Question 46

Without ______, menstruation ceases and the uterus and ovaries undergo atrophy or decrease in size

Answer 46

Estrogen and Progesterone

Question 47

The average age at which menopause occurs is ______, with a range in normal women between the ages of _____

Answer 47

*51 *41-58

Question 48

_____is the cessation of menstruation with advanced age

Answer 48

Menopause

Question 49

Clinical findings of endometrial hyperplasia(4):

Answer 49

1. Abnormal uterine bleeding 2. Polycystic ovary syndrome 3. Obesity 4. Tamoxifen therapy

Question 50

Clinical findings of endometrial carcinoma

Answer 50

1. Postmenopausal bleeding 2. Intermenstrual bleeding 3. Enlarged uterus 4. Elevation of CA-125

Question 51

Clinical findings of endometrial polyps

Answer 51

1. Can be asymptomatic 2. Menometrorrhagia 3. Intermenstrual bleeding 4. Has been linked with infertility in reproductive aged group

Question 52

Clinical findings of asherman syndrome

Answer 52

1. History of D&C trauma and uterine surgery 2. Recurrent pregnancy loss 3. Amenorrhea or hypomenorrhea

Question 53

Sonographic findings of endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 53

1. Thickened echogenic endometrium 2. Small cystic spaces within the endometrium

Question 54

Sonographic findings of endometrial carcinoma

Answer 54

1. Thickened endometrium 2. Heterogeneous uterus 3. Enlarged uterus with lobular contour 4. Endometrial fluid 5. Polypoid mass within the endometrium

Question 55

Sonographic findings of endometrial polyps

Answer 55

1. Focal thickening of the endometrium 2. Diffuse thickening of the endometrium

Question 56

Sonographic findings of Asherman syndrome

Answer 56

1. Bright areas within the endometrium 2. Sonohysterography findings include bright bands of tissue traversing the uterine cavity