Chapter 15 Gynecologic Overview Flashcards by LILY ALCARAZ

Leukocytosis would most likely be associated with:

PID

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Endovaginal transducers may be cleaned by submerging in a(n) _____based solution

Glu-tara-lde-hyde

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What diagnostic tests is used to evaluate emitted radiation from the patient to assess the function of organs?

Nuclear medicine

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_____is an infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries, uterus, and/or the fallopian tubes

PID

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______is best defined as regular timed menses but light flow?

Hypomenorrhea

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_____is best defined as abnormally heavy menstrual flow

Menorrhagia

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_____would be caused by a large acoustic interface and subsequent production of false echoes?

Reverberation

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Amenorrhea is defined as:

Lack of menstrual flow

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Precocious puberty is best defined as:

Pubertal development before the age of 8

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_____would be the least likely to cause abdominal distention?

Polycystic ovarian disease

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What Doppler artifact occurs when the Doppler sampling rate is not high enough to display the Doppler shift frequency?

Aliasing

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What artifact could be noted emanating from air or gas within the endometrium in a patient with endometritis?

Ring down

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The breast cancer drug that inhibits the effects of estrogen in the breast is:

Tamoxifen

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Malignant ovarian tumors may leak mucinous material and this condition is known as:

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

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_____is best described as an artifact that is produced by a string reflector and results in a copy of the anatomy being placed deeper than location

Mirror image

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What artifact would be seen posterior to a tooth within a cystic teratoma?

Shadowing

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Best way to communicate with a patient who speaks a language other than your own is to:

Use a trained medical interpreter

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When does the CDC recommend that alcohol-based handrub not be used by the sonographer?

When hands are visibly soiled

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_____most often leads to an elevation of CA-125

Ovarian carcinoma

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What abnormality results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection?

PID

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The area location posterior to the broad ligaments and adjacent to the uterus is called:

Adnexa

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What term relates to the number of pregnancies a patient has had:

Gravida

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_____is best defined as difficult or painful menstruation

Dysmenorrhea

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Having the same echogencity means:

Isoechoic

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_____is best defined as intermenstrual bleeding

Metrorrhagia

What lab test may be used as a tumor marker for an ovarian dysgerminoma?

Lactate dehydrogenase

_______is defined as excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normally negligible?

Hirsutism

______is defined as pain during intercourse

Dyspareunia

The "S" in STAR criteria stands for:

Smooth walls

What term describes the echogenicity of a simple ovarian cysts?

Anechoic

A diagnostic modality that utilizes **ionizing radiation** to produce images of the human body in **cross-sectional and reconstructed 3D formats**

Computed tomography

A tumor marker in the blood that can indicate certain types of cancers such as cancer of the ovary, endometrium, breast, gastrointestinal tract and lungs

CA-125 (cancer antigen)

A collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity:

Ascites

The absence of menstruation:

Amenorrhea

The area located posterior to the broad ligaments, adjacent to the uterus, which contains the ovaries and fallopian tubes

Adnexa

A protein produced by the fetal yolk sac, fetal gastrointestinal tract and the fetal liver; may also produced by some malignant tumors

Alpha-fetoprotein

Painful or difficult urination:

Dysuria

Painful or difficult intercourse:

Dyspareunia

Difficult or painful menstruation:

Dysmenorrhea

The sonographic appearance of a structure:

Echotexture

A means of looking inside the human body by utilizing an endoscope:

Endoscopy

A hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta, may also be used as a tumor marker in nongravid patients and males:

hCG

Excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normally negligible:

Hirsutism

A lab value that indicates that indicates the amount of RBC in blood:

Hematocrit

The dilation of the renal collecting system resulting from the obstruction of the flow of urine from the kidney(s) to the bladder:

Hydronephrosis

Decreased or scant menstrual flow; regular timed menses but light flow:

Hypomenorrhea

A common form of birth control in which a small device is placed within the endometrium to prevent pregnancy:

Intrauterine device

A diagnostic modality that utilizes **electromagnetic radiation** to produce images of the human body in **cross-sectional and reconstruction 3D formats** :

Magnetic resonance imaging

An elevated white blood cell count:

Leukocytosis

A breast cancer drug that inhibits the effects of estrogen in the breast:

Tamoxifen

Having one chamber or compartment:

Unilocular

Irregular menstrual bleeding between periods; intermenstrual bleeding

Metrorrhagia

An anechoic, round mass that has smooth walls and demonstrates through transmission

Simple cyst

A sonographic procedure that uses saline instillation into the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities:

Sonohysterogram

Sonogram that requires the transducer be placed against the labia, often used for imaging of the cervix:

Translabial sonogram

Changes within the female that are caused by increased androgens; may lead to deepening of the voice and hirsutism:

Virilization

A diagnostic imaging modality that uses ionizing radiation for imaging bones, organs and some soft tissue structures:

Radiography

A syndrome characterized by anovulatory cycles, infertility, hirsutism, amenorrhea and obesity; may also be referred to as Stein-Leventhal syndrome:

Polycystic ovary syndrome

An infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries, uterus, and/or the fallopian tubes:

Pelvic inflammatory disease

The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity:

Pleural effusion

A diagnostic imaging modality that utilizes the administration of radionuclides into the human body for an analysis of the function of organs:

Nuclear medicine

An enzyme found within the blood that may be used to monitor renal function; may also be used as a tumor marker for some ovarian tumors:

Lactate dehydrogenase

Growth or masses attached to the wall of a structure, most likely a cyst:

Mural nodules

Endovaginal transducers can be soaked in a _______, most likely a _______ solution

*High-level disinfectant *Glutaraldehyde-based

______is an abnormality that results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connections, consequently cutting off the blood supply to the ovary

Ovarian torsion

The most common disorder of sex development is _______

Turner syndrome (monosomy X)

Ovarian and uterine masses may become large enough to obstruct the flow of urine from the kidney(s) to the bladder, resulting in:

Hydronephrosis

_____is an intraperitoneal extension of much-secreting cells that result, from the rupture of a malignant mucinous ovarian tumor or possibly a malignant tumor of the appendix

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

_____is between the urinary bladder and uterus also called the vesicouterine pouch in females

Anterior cul-de-sac

_____between the uterus and rectum, also referred to as pouch of Douglas and rectouterine pouch

Posterior cul-de-sac

______between the urinary bladder and rectum; also referred to as the rectovesical pouch in males

Posterior cul-de-sac

Endovaginal transducers also have varying frequencies, but are typically _______

7.5 MHz or higher

________ extend alongside the ascending and descending colon on both sides of the abdomen

Paracolic gutters

Standard precautions, formerly referred to as universal precautions, include:

*Hand hygiene *Use of PPE *Safe injection practices *Safe handling of potentially contaminated equipment and surfaces *Respiratory hygiene and coughing etiquette

An advantage of ______is that if offers improved resolution of the endometrium, uterus and ovaries, especially in the obese patient

Endovaginal imaging

_____is between the pubic bone and urinary bladder

Retropubic space (space of Retzius)

_____is a condition in which the newborns external genitalia are neither recognizably male nor female

Ambiguous genitalia

_______the distinct layering of fluids within a cyst or cystic structure that is caused by the presence of at least two different fluid compositions

Fluid-fluid level

Transducers that may be used for pelvic sonographic include:

*Linear array *Matrix array *Curved or convex array *Phased array *Vector array *Sector array

Excessive or prolonged bleeding between periods:

Menometrorrhagia

Abnormally heavy and prolonged menstruation:

Menorrhagia

Separations; structures that divide something into separate sections

Septations

Ascites and pleural effusion in the presence of some benign ovarian tumors

Meigs syndrome

A mass of tissue that contains abnormal cells; also called a tumor

Neoplasm

Having multiple chambers or compartments:

Multiloculated

What does “meno-“ mean?

Heavy

What does “metro-“ mean?

Irregular