Chapter 18 The Ovaries And Fallopian Tubes Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
The inner layer of the wall of the fallopian tube is the:
A
Mucosal layer
2
Q
Hairlike projections within the fallopian tube are called:
A
Cilia
3
Q
Blood within the fallopian tube is termed:
A
Hematosalpinx
4
Q
The longest and most tortuous segment of the fallopian tube is the:
A
Ampulla
5
Q
The fingerlike extension of the fallopian tube are called:
A
Fimbria
6
Q
The short and narrow segment of the fallopian tube distal to the interstitial segment is the:
A
Isthmus
7
Q
_____is the most common malignancy of the ovary
A
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
8
Q
Pus within the fallopian tube is termed:
A
Pyosalpinx
9
Q
The ovarian cyst associated with gestational trophoblastic disease is the:
A
Theca lutein cyst
10
Q
A patient with an ovarian mass presents with an elevated serum AFP. Could be what?
A
Yolk sac tumor
11
Q
What ovarian tumor will most likely have a moth-eaten appearance on sonography?
A
Krukenberg tumor
12
Q
_______ and _______ are estrogen-producing ovarian tumors?
A
Thecoma and grandulosa cell tumor
13
Q
_____is the most common malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary
A
Dysgerminoma
14
Q
______is a malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary
A
Yolk sac tumor
15
Q
_____is a physiologic (functional) cyst that develops after ovulation has occurred
A
Corpus luteum cyst
16
Q
______are ovarian tumors that arise from the gonadal ridges
A
Sex cord-stromal tumors
17
Q
Pelvic pain at the time of ovulation is termed:
A
Mittelschmerz
18
Q
What ovarian mass is associated with virization?
A
Sertoli-leydig cell tumor
19
Q
______is a tumor of ectopic endometrial tissue?
A
Endometrioma
20
Q
The ovarian tumor associated with an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase is the:
A
Dysgerminoma
21
Q
______is also referred to as a chocolate cyst?
A
Endometrioma
22
Q
The malignant ovarian mass that is associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei is the:
A
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
23
Q
The malignant ovarian tumor with gastrointestinal origin is the:
A
Krukenberg tumor
24
Q
What would be a predisposing condition that would increase the risk for suffering from ovarian torsion ?
A
Ovarian mass
25
Normal ovarian flow is said to be:
High resistant during menstruation and low resistant at the time of ovulation
26
Formula for calculating ovarian volume:
Length X Width X Height X 0.5233
27
After the Graafian follicle ruptures, the remaining structure is termed the:
Corpus luteum
28
The dominant follicle prior to ovulation is termed the:
Graafian follicle
29
The cystic mass commonly noted with a pregnancy is the:
Corpus luteum
30
The ovarian cysts that are most often bilateral and are associated with markedly evevated levels of hCG are the:
Theca lutein cysts
31
The ovarian mass that contains fat, sebum, and teeth is the:
Dermoid
32
The most common benign ovarian tumor is the:
Cystic teratoma
33
During a pelvic sonogram, you visualize a small cyst location adjacent to the ovary. What is the most likely etiology of this cyst?
Paraovarian cyst
34
Sonographically, what would most likely be confused for a pedunculated fibroid tumor because of its solid appearing structure?
Fibroma
35
With what ovarian tumor is Meigs syndrome most likely associated?
Fibroma
36
An endometrioma most likely appears as a:
Mostly cystic mass with low-level echoes
37
_____is associated with the "whirlpool sign"
Ovarian torsion
38
What substance does hysterosalpingography utilize for the visualization of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes?
Radiographic contrast
39
The segment of the fallopian tube where fertilization typically occurs is the:
Ampulla
40
The most distal part of the fallopian tube is the:
Infundibulum
41
_____is the corpus luteum that is maintained during an early pregnancy for the purpose of producing estrogen and primarily progesterone
Corpus luteum of pregnancy
42
_____is the most common malignancy of the ovary
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
43
Sertoli-leydig tumors are found more often in women younger than:
* 30 years but may be seen in older patients
* May be malignant
44
______is a malignant sex cord-stromal ovarian neoplasm that is associated with virilization
Sertoli-leydig cell tumor
45
_____is a malignant ovarian tumor that has most likely metastasized from the gastrointestinal tract
Krukenberg tumor
46
Follicular cysts range in size from _____, however larger cysts can occur
3 to 8cm
47
Ovarian volume can be determined sonographically by using the formula:
Volume= Length X Width X Height X 0.5233
48
Another name for endometriomas is:
Chocolate cysts
49
Fibromas are most often found in women who are:
Middle aged
50
The primary role of the fimbria is to:
Draw the unfertilized egg into the tube
51
The fingerlike projections that extend from the infundibulum are the:
Fimbria
52
The _____ is the longest and most tortuous segment of the fallopian tube
Ampulla
53
Within the cornu if the uterus lies the intramural extension of the fallopian tube known as the:
Interstitial segment
54
The fallopian tubes consist of three layers:
*The outer serosa
*Middle muscular layer
*Inner mucosal layer
55
______is a benign, blood-containing tumor that is associated with endometriosis and forms from the implantation of ectopic endometrial tissue
Endometrioma
56
Granulosa cell tumors can each sizes up to _____ and do have malignant potential
40 cm
57
_____is considered to be the most common estrogenic tumor
Granulosa cell tumor
58
Larger paraovarian cysts may cause:
Ovarian torsion
59
______are small cysts located adjacent to the ovary and most likely arise from the fallopian tubes or broad ligaments
Paraovarian cysts
60
Should the Graafian follicle fall to ovulate, it could continue to enlarge and result in a:
Follicular cyst
61
______describes the condition of having a benign ovarian tumor with ascites and pleural effusion
Meigs syndrome
62
____has been used to describe the visualization of hair within the mass
Dermoid mesh
63
_______are composed of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Ovarian cystic teratoma
64
The most common benign ovarian tumor is the:
Ovarian cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst)
65
Endometrioid tumor are most often seen in women in their:
5th and 6th decade of life
66
_____is typically malignant ovarian tumor that is often associated with a history of endometrial cancer, endometriosis and endometrial hyperplasia
Endometrioid tumor
67
A yolk sac tumor occurs in females younger than:
*20 years of age
*Highly malignant
*Poor prognosis
68
______is the second-most common malignant germ cell tumor AKA endodermal sinus tumor
Yolk sac tumor
69
Hydrosalpinx appears _______
Anechoic
70
The right ovarian vein drains into the _______
IVC
71
The left ovarian vein drains into the:
Left renal vein
72
The ovarian arteries are branches of the:
Abdominal aorta
73
The medulla contains the (ovary):
Ovarian vasculature and lymphatics
74
The cortex involves the (ovary):
Mass of the ovary and is the site of oogenesis
75
The ovaries are stimulated by:
Follicle-stimulating hormone
76
The ovum is contained within the:
Cumulus oophorus of the dominant follicle
77
Simple serous fluid within the tube is termed _______
Hydrosalpinx
78
Pyosalpinx and hematosalpinx have internal components and may appear _________
Echogenic or have a fluid-fluid level
79
After the Graafian follicle has ruptured, its structure is converted in the:
Corpus luteum
80
During the second half of the menstrual cycle the corpus luteum produces:
Progesterone and small amounts of estrogen
81
The fallopian tubes may also become inflamed die to infection, which is termed:
Salpingitis
82
_____is released by the anterior pituitary gland, to develop multiple follicles during the first half of the menstrual cycle (follicular phase)
Follicle-stimulating hormone
83
The fallopian tubes may be referred to as:
* Oviduts
* Uterine tubes
* Salpinges
84
Dysgerminomas arise more often in patients younger than:
30 years of age and may be found in pregnancy
85
Clinical findings of corpus luteum cysts and corpus luteum of pregnancy
1. Asymptomatic
2. Pain associated with hemorrhage and enlargement of cyst
3. Corpus luteum of pregnancy accompanies a pregnancy
86
Clinical findings of theca lutien cysts (4)
1. elevated levels of hCG
2. Nausea and vomiting
3. Pelvic fullness
4. Pain associated with hemorrhage, rupture and ovarian torsion
87
Clinical findings of paraovarian cysts (2):
1. Asymptomatic
2. If cyst is large, patients may present with pelvic pain and increase lower abdominal girth
88
Clinical findings of a cystic teratoma (2)
1. Asymptomatic
2. If torsion or rupture occurs = acute pelvic pain
89
Clinical findings of a thecoma
1. Asymptomatic
2. Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding or abnormal vaginal bleeding
3. Meigs syndrome (ascites and pleural effusion)
90
Clinical findings of Granulosa cell tumors (2):
1. Adolescence-Pseudo precocious puberty
2. Reproductive-aged and postmenopausal women will have abnormal vaginal bleeding
91
Clinical findings of a fibroma
1. May be asymptomatic
2. Meigs syndrome (ascites and pleural effusion)
92
Clinical findings of a Brenner tumor (2):
1. May be asymptomatic
2. Meigs syndrome (ascites and pleural effusion)
93
Clinical findings of endometriomas (7):
1. May be asymptomatic
2. Pelvic pain
3. Infertility
4. Dysmenorrhea
5. Menorrhagia
6. Dyspareunia
7. Painful bowel movement (dyschezia)
94
Clinical findings of a serous cystadenoma
1. Patient are often asymptomatic
95
Clinical findings of a mucinous cystadenoma
1. Pelvic pressure and swelling
96
Clinical findings of serous and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (6):
1. Weight loss
2. Pelvic pressure and swelling
3. Abnormal vaginal bleeding
4. Gastrointestinal symptoms
5. Acute abdominal pain associated with torsion or rupture
6. Elevated CA-125
97
Clinical findings of a krukenberg tumor (4):
1. Asymptomatic
2. History of gastric or colon cancer
3. Possible weight loss
4. Pelvic pain
98
Clinical findings of Sertoli-leydig cell tumor (3):
1. Virilization
2. Abnormal menstruation
3. Hirsutism
99
Clinical findings of dysgerminoma (3):
1. Children-pseudoprecocious puberty
2. Elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase
3. Possible elevated serum hCG
100
Clinical findings of yolk sac tumor
1. Elevation of serum AFP
101
Clinical findings of ovarian torsion
1. Acute abdominal or pelvic pain
2. Nausea and vomiting
3. Slight leukocytosis
102
Clinical findings of endometrioid tumor (1):
1. History of endometrial cancer or endometriosis
103
Clinical findings of follicular cysts (2):
1. Asymptomatic
2. Pain associated with hemorrhage and enlargement of cyst
104
Sonographic findings of theca lutein cysts (4):
1. Large
2. bilateral
3. multiloculated
4. hemorrhagic components
105
Sonographic findings of paraovarian cysts
1. Simple cyst located adjacent, but not attached to the ovary
2. If hemorrhagic, will appear complex
106
Sonographic findings of a thecoma(3):
1. Hypoechoic, solid mass with posterior attenuation
2. No posterior enhancement
3. If large = mimic pedunculated leiomyoma
107
Sonographic findings of Granulosa cell tumors (2):
1. Solid, hypoechoic mass
2. Complex or partially cystic mass
108
Sonographic findings of a fibroma
1. Hypoechoic, solid mass with posterior attenuation
2. No posterior enhancement
3. If large, it may mimic a pedunculated leiomyoma
109
Sonographic findings of a brenner tumor (2):
1. Small, solid, hypoechoic mass
2. May contain calcifications
110
Sonographic appearance of a serous cystadenoma
1. Anechoic lesion
2. septations/Debris
3. papillary projections
111
Sonographic appearance of a mucinous cystadenoma
1. Large, predominately anechoic lesion that contains septations and/or papillary projections
2. May contain some recognizable internal echo-genic, layering debris
112
Sonographic appearance of serous cystadenocarcinoma
1. Large, multilocular cystic masses
2. Papillary projections and septations are often noted within the mass
3. Ascites
113
Sonographic findings of a krukenberg tumor (5):
1. Bilateral
2. smooth-walled
3. hypoechoic/hyperechoic ovarian masses
4. "Moth-eaten" appearance (solid mass containing cystic spaces)
5. Ascites
114
Sonographic findings of sertoli-leydig cell tumors
1. Solid, hypoechoic ovarian mass
2. Complex or partially cystic mass
115
Sonographic findings of dysgerminoma (2):
1. Ovoid, solid echogenic mass on the ovary
2. May contain some cystic components
116
Sonographic findings of yolk sac tumor
1. Homogeneous echogenic mass or complex mass
2. Varying sonographic appearances
117
Sonographic findings of endometrioid tumor (2):
1. Complex mass with solid components
2. Cystic mass with papillary projections
118
Sonographic findings of ovarian torsion (4):
1. Enlarged ovary
2. Lack of or diminished flow
3. “Whirlpool" sign
4. Excessive free fluid
119
Sonographic findings of the normal ovary is:
1. Homogenous with a medium to low level echogenicity
120
Sonographic findings of a cystic teratoma
1. Complex, partially cystic mass
2. "Tip of the iceberg" sign
3. Dermoid plug= posterior shadowing
4. Dermoid mesh=produced by hair and will appear as numerous linear interfaces
121
Sonographic findings of corpus luteum cysts and corpus luteum of pregancy
1. Simple cyst
2. thick wall be completely echogenic and may be difficult to differentiate from other solid and cystic adnexal masses
3. Hemorrhagic = complex or have a web-like or lacy appearance
122
Sonographic findings of endometriomas
1. Cystic mass with low-level internal echoes (may resemble a hemorrhagic cyst)
2. Anechoic or complex
3. posterior enhancement
4. may have a fluid-fluid level
123
Sonographic appearance of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (5):
1. Large, multilocular cystic mass
2. Papillary projections
3. septations
4. Echogenic material
5. Pseudomyoma peritonei (complex ascites)
