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ARRT (Ob/gyn US) > Chapter 31 Multiple Gestations > Flashcards

Chapter 31 Multiple Gestations Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

The demise of a twin can lead to the development of neurologic complications in the living twin as a result of:

A

Twin embolization syndrome

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2
Q

Least common form of monozygotic twinning?

A

Monochorionic monoamniotic

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3
Q

Ovulation induction drugs not only increase the likelihood of multiple gestations, but also increase the likelihood of:

A

Heterotopic pregnancies

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4
Q

Acardiac twinning results from:

A

Abnormal links between the placental vessels

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5
Q

Complication associated with multiple gestations:

A
  • Preterm delivery
  • Maternal anemia
  • Maternal preeclampsia
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6
Q

The most common form of monozygotic twins is:

A

Monochorionic diamniotic

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7
Q

________ can occur as a result of monozygotic twinning?

A
  • Monochorionic diamniotic twins
  • Monochorionic monoamniotic twins
  • Dichorionic diamniotic twins
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8
Q

What is the term for conjoined twins attached at the sacral region?

A

Pyopagus

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9
Q

Fraternal twin results from:

A

Dizygotic twinning

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10
Q

The twin that will appear larger in TTTs is the:

A

Recipient

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11
Q

The abnormal twin in acardiac twinning is also referred to as:

A

Parasitic twin

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12
Q

_______can occur as a result of dizygotic twinning

A

Dichorionic-diamniotic twins

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13
Q

TRAP syndrome may also be referred to :

A

Acardiac twinning

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14
Q

Factors that increase the likelihood of having multiple gestations include:

A
  • Advanced maternal age
  • Ovulation induction drugs
  • Maternal predisposition for twins
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15
Q

The shunting of blood from one twin to the other is termed:

A

Twin-twin transfusion syndrome
(TTTs)

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16
Q

What is a treatment that separates abnormal placental vascular connections between twins that are suffering from TTTs

A

Endoscopic-guided laser photocoagulation

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17
Q

The term that indicates the presence of two separate placentas is:

A

Dichorionic

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18
Q

The demise of a twin during the second or third trimester can lead to:

A

Twin embolization syndrome

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19
Q

Monozygotic twins result from:

A

A single zygote that splits

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20
Q

Conjoined twins that are attached at the abdomen are referred to as:

A

Omphalopagus

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21
Q

Typically, the first sonographic manifestation of TTTs is:

A

Discordant fetal growth

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22
Q

Twins having two placentas and two amniotic sacs are referred to:

A

Dichorionic diamniotic

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23
Q

Asymmetry in fetal weight between twins is indicative of:

A

Discordant growth

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24
Q

The sonographic exam of twins reveals a triangular extension of the placenta at the base of the membrane:

A

Dichorionic diamniotic twins

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25
Identical twins result from:
Monozygotic twinning
26
Chorionicity refers to:
Number of placentas
27
Twins having one placenta and one amniotic sac are referred to as:
Monochorionic monoamniotic
28
Which term relates to the number of amniotic sacs?
Amnionicity
29
When a twin fetus, suffers from TTTs, experiences severe oligohydramnios and becomes closely adhered to the uterine wall?
Stuck twin
30
Twins having two placentas and one amniotic sac are referred to as:
Does not happen
31
The term that indicates the presence of two separate amniotic sacs is:
Diamniotic
32
Twins whose bodies are connected at some point are said to be:
Conjoined
33
_______would not increase the likelihood of multiple gestations?
Gestational diabetes
34
The outer membrane of the gestation is referred to as the:
Chorion
35
What condition is pregnancy-induced maternal high blood pressure and excess protein in the urine after 20 weeks gestation?
Preeclampsia
36
Twins that result from the fertilization of two separate ova are called:
Dizygotic
37
The inner membrane surrounding the fetus is referred to as the:
Amnion
38
A newborn would most likely suffer from ______ if he/she were born prior to 32 weeks as a result of multiple gestation complications?
Pulmonary hypoplasia
39
Twins that have the threat of being conjoined are:
Monochorionic monoamniotic
40
What are sonographic signs of a dichorionic diamniotic gestation?
* Twin peak sign * Lambda sign * Delta sign
41
The _____, is the structure that forms the placenta
Chorion
42
_____twins arise from two separate zygotes
Dizygotic
43
______twins arise from single zygote
Monozygotic
44
A fertilized egg is referred to as:
Zygote
45
With monochorionic monoamniotic twinning there is _______ placentas and ______ amniotic sacs
*Shared *Shared
46
With dichorionic diamniotic twinning there is ________ placentas and _______ sacs
*Separate *Separate
47
With monochorionic diamniotic twinning both twins _______ a placenta and have ______ amniotic sacs
*Share *Separate
48
The most common forms of conjoined twinning are:
Thoracopagus and omphalopagus
49
Conjoined twins that are joined at the cranium are called:
Craniopagus
50
Conjoined twins joined at the sacral region are called:
Pyopagus
51
Acardiac twinning is AKA:
Twin-reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP)
52
With _______there is one normal fetus, the "pump twin" and an abnormally developed fetus containing no heart
Acardiac twinning
53
With _______shunting occurs from one twin to the other
Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTs)
54
Dizygotic twining always results in ______ twins
Dichorionic diamniotic
55
________ twins arise from a single zygote that splits
Monozygotic
56
_______arise from two separate fertilized ova
Dizygotic twins
57
If separate placentas are noted, then the pregnancy must be:
Dichorionic diamniotic
58
There are three categories of monozygotic twins:
*Mono-Di *Di-Di *Mono-Mono
59
Infants born with low birth weight and before 32 weeks gestation often suffer from:
Pulmonary hypoplasia with episodes of hypoxia
60
________at the time of birth can cause tiny, fragile blood vessels within the immature brain to rupture
Hypoxia
61
The death of a twin and subsequent reabsorption of the embryo during the first trimester is called:
Vanishing twin
62
If the fetus dies in the first trimester and is maintained throughout the pregnancy is called:
Fetus papyraceus
63
The death of a _______ twin during the second or third trimester can lead to life-threatening problems in the surviving twin
Monochorionic
64
With ______twins the surviving twin is rarely affected by the death of the other
Dichorionic
65
The death of a _______twin during the first trimester frequently leads to the death of the other twin
Monochorionic
66
Vascular products travel from the demised twin to the surviving twin by means of the common vascular channels within the shared placenta is called:
Twin embolization syndrome
67
The presence of one yolk sac and two fetuses is indicative of a ______ gestation
Monoamniotic
68
The presence of two yolk sacs is indicative of a ______ gestation
Diamniotic
69
During the first trimester ______ twins, will have a thick membrane separating the two amniotic sacs
Dichorionic
70
_______twins will have a thin membrane or no membrane at all between them
Monochorionic
71
_______are referred to as fraternal twins because they have their own genetic structure and can differ from each other in many ways
Dizygotic twins
72
Sonographic findings of Acardiac twin
1. Normal pump twin 2. Acardiac twin-absent upper body, absent heart and hydrops
73
Sonographic findings of twin-twin syndrome
1. Monochorionic twinning 2. Discordant fetal growth 3. Oligohydramnios around donor twin 4. Polyhydramnios around recipient twin 5. Recipient may be hydropic

ARRT (Ob/gyn US) (18 decks)

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