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Anatomy Lecture > Chapter 21 - Cardiovascular System: Heart > Flashcards

Chapter 21 - Cardiovascular System: Heart Flashcards

(63 cards)

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0
Q

What kind of circuit is the heart?

A

Double circuit

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1
Q

The four characteristics of the heart

A
  • Vital for survival
  • Carries oxygen and nutrients to tissues
  • Carries wastes away from tissues
  • Closed system
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2
Q

Two circuits of the heart

A

Pulmonary and systemic

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3
Q

Functions of the pulmonary circuit

A
  • Blood goes from heart to lungs and back

- Oxygenates blood

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4
Q

Functions of the systemic circuit

A
  • Brings blood from the heart to body and back

- Delivers oxygen to tissues

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5
Q

Structure of the heart

A
  • Cone shaped
  • Inside PERICARDIAL CAVITY
  • Inside MEDIASTINUM
  • APEX tipped toward the inferior and left
  • BASE superior
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6
Q

Double serous membrane with fibrous coat of the heart

A

Pericardium

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7
Q

Layers of the pericardium

A

Parietal pericardium

Epicardium

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8
Q
  • Outer layer of pericardium

- Fibrous and areolar layer

A

Parietal pericardium

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9
Q

Another name for the epicardium

A

Visceral pericardium

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10
Q
  • Inner layer of sac

- Adheres to the heart wall

A

Epicardium

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11
Q
  • Between layers of heart

- Contains serous fluid

A

Pericardial cavity

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12
Q

Layers to the wall of the heart

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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13
Q

Contains the visceral pericardium and functions as protective outer layer of heart

A

Epicardium

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14
Q
  • Middle layer of heart
  • Responsible for contractions
  • Made of cardiac muscle
A

Myocardium

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15
Q

Three characteristics of the endocardium

A
  • Inner layer
  • Lines and protects chambers and valves
  • Continuous with endothelium of heart vessels
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16
Q

Five characteristics about cardiac muscle tissue

A
  • Striated
  • Aerobic respiration
  • Short T-tubules
  • Connected mechanically and chemically
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17
Q

How does the heart connect mechanically and chemically

A

Intercalated discs

Gap junctions

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18
Q

Four chambers of the heart

A

2 atria

2 ventricles

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19
Q

What do the auricles do?

A

Flaps where blood pools

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20
Q
  • Superior chambers

- Receives blood from veins

A

2 Atria

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21
Q
  • Inferior chambers of the heart

- Force blood out to arteries

A

2 ventricles

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22
Q

How are the two sides of the ventricles different from each other?

A
  • Left ventricle thicker and stronger
  • Right goes only to lungs
  • Left is round
  • Right pouch shaped
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23
Q

Prevent back flow in the heart

A

Antrioventricular valves

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24
- At right antrioventricular orfice | - 3 cusps
Tricuspid valve
25
When do the tricuspid valves open and close?
Open why atrial force is greater and closes when ventricular force is greater
26
- Left AV valve - 2 cuspids - At left atrioventricular orfice
Bicuspid valve
27
- Heart strings - Hold valves in place - Attached to cusps on ventricle side
Chordae Tendonae
28
What does the chordae tendonae prevent?
- Cusps from collapsing into into atria when valve is closed | - Backflow of blood
29
What are papillary muscles?
- Small bundles of muscles - Attach to the chordae tendonae - When valves close, these muscles contract and tighten cords
30
Scaffolding on interior walls of the ventricles
Trabeculae carneae
31
Valve between ventricle and artery
Semilunar valves
32
- Right - At entrance to pulmonary trunk - Opens when right ventricle contracts
Pulmonary valve
33
- Left - At entrance the aorta - Opens when left ventricle contracts
Aortic valve
34
Path of blood through the heart
- RIGHT ATRIUM - receives blood from superior and inferior vena cava plus coronary sinus - RIGHT AV VALVE - RIGHT VENTRICLE - CONUS ARTERIOSUS - funnel leading from right ventricle to pulmonary trunk - PULMONARY VALVE - PULMONARY TRUNK - goes to the lungs - LEFT ATRIUM - receives blood from pulmonary veins - LEFT AV VALVE - LEFT VENTRICLE - AORTIC VALVE - AORTA - to issues
35
What does coronary circulation?
- Supplies the heart tissues with blood | - Blockage can result in a heart tissue dying
36
Branch directly off of the aorta as it emerges
Coronary arteries
37
Two coronary arteries
- Left coronary artery | - Right coronary artery
38
Components to the LCA
- Circumflex artery | - Anterior interventricular artery
39
Two arteries of the RCA
- Posterior interventricular artery | - Marginal artery
40
What do cardiac veins do?
Drain myocardium
41
Vein that empties into right atrium
Coronary sinus
42
Three cardiac veins
Great, middle, and small cardiac veins
43
Contractile phase; chamber empties
Systole
44
Relaxation phase of the heart; chambers fill
Diastole
45
Sounds of the heart and explanations
``` Lub = AV valves close Dup = semi lunar valves close ```
46
Heart beat is enabled by what cells?
- Nodal cells | - Conducting fibers
47
Specialized muscle cells that conduct action potentials
Nodal cells
48
Distributes stimulus to myocardium
Conducting fibers
49
What part of the heart contracts first?
Atria contract before ventricles
50
What causes the heart to contract unevenly?
Action Potentials
51
Step One of the conduction system of heart beat
SA (sinoatrial) node - Pacemaker - Spontaneously depolarized - At the back wall of the right atrium
52
Step 2 for heartbeat
AV (Atrioventricular node) - Where four chambers meet - Signal transmitted to AV node through INTERNODAL PATHWAYS
53
Step 3 for heartbeat
AV (antrioventricular) bundle | - Transmits down interventricular septum
54
Stop 4 for heartbeat
BUNDLE BRANCHES - Branches off the AV bundle - Moves further down the septum - One supplies each ventricle
55
Step 5 of heartbeat
PURKINJE FIBERS - Reflect up external wall of ventricle - Extend into papillary muscles
56
Components of the Electrocardiogram with meanings
P wave - depolarization of atria QRS - depolarization of ventricle T wave - repolarization of ventricle
57
Cardiac output of ECG/EKG
5L/min
58
Spontaneous contractions
Autorhythmicity
59
Chemical control of the heart is done how?
NE and E: Increase rate and force
60
Neural control of the heart is done where and with what centers?
Medull - Cardioacceleratory centers - Cardioinhibitory centers
61
Release NE/ increase HR
Cardioacceleratory centers
62
Release Ach/decrease HR
Cardioinhibitory centers

Anatomy Lecture (17 decks)

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