Chapter 21 Part 2 Test

Question 1

What is a fungus?

Answer 1

Heterotrophiv eukaryote with cell wall containing chitin

Question 2

Fungus is ______ with cell walls that contain chitin

Answer 2

a heterotrophic eukaryote

Question 3

What is in the cell wall of a fungus that makes it different than a plant?

Answer 3

chitin

Question 4

how do decomposers digest food?

Answer 4

outside of their bodies
they produce powerful enzymes and release them through their cell wells

Question 5

are fungi internal or external decomposers?

Answer 5

external

Question 6

What kind of relationship do decomposers have with their hosts

Answer 6

sometimes parasitic

Question 7

Where do decomposers get their nutrients from

Answer 7

absorbing the nutrients from the bodies of their hosts
(for example athletes feet)

Question 8

Decomposers’ cell walls contain _____ that is _____.

Answer 8

chitin
a polymer of modified sugars

Question 9

What makes up a fungus?

Answer 9

individual thread like filaments called hyphae.

Question 10

Where is the hyphae?

Answer 10

The whole fungus is made up of hyphae

Question 11

What is hyphae

Answer 11

Cells that are long branching filaments

Question 12

what is the mycelium

Answer 12

Tangled mass of branching hyphae below the soil.

Question 13

Where is the mycelium located

Answer 13

below the soil

Question 14

can you see the mycelium

Answer 14

no

Question 15

What is the fruiting body?

Answer 15

Reproductive structure of a fungus made of hyphae that grows from the Mycelium. (common mushroom figure)

Question 16

Where is the fruiting body located

Answer 16

above the surfave

Question 17

where does the fruiting body grow from

Answer 17

above the surface from the mycellium

Question 18

What are the 4 types of fungi?

Answer 18

Phylum Ascomycota
Phylum Basidiomycota
Phylum Chytridiomycota
Phylum Zygomycota

Question 19

What is Phylum Ascomycota

Answer 19

Sac Fungi
yeasts, truffles, Penicillin species, Morels,

Question 20

What is Phylum Basidiomycota

Answer 20

Club fungi
rust, earthstars, mushrooms, puffballs, jelly fungi,

Question 21

What is Phylum Chytridiomycota

Answer 21

flagellated spore fungi
decomposers found in lakes and moist soil

Question 22

What is Phylum Zygomycota

Answer 22

common molds
Rhizopus (Black bread mold), fruit molds, mycorrhiza on plant roots

Question 23

By _____ fungi return nutrients and trace elements that plants remove from the soil.

Answer 23

breaking down plants and dead material

Question 24

How do fungi break things down

Answer 24

they break down plants and animals return nutrients back into the ground. The plants absorb the nutrients so they need to be put back

Question 25

_____ would remain tied up in the bodies of dead organisms unless fungi break them down with enzymes.

Answer 25

Organic molecules

Question 26

What would happen to the organic molecules if the fungi didn't break them down

Answer 26

they would remain tied up in the bodies of dead organisms of the fungi didn't break them down with enzymes

Question 27

Why is it important that fungi decompose things?

Answer 27

if they didn't use enzymes to break things down, the organic matter would never be broken down

Question 28

What is a lichen

Answer 28

The photosynthetic organism is a green algae or a cyanobacteria or both.

Question 29

What does a lichen look like

Answer 29

green stuff on trees

Question 30

Explain the lichen diagram

Answer 30

1, Upper cortex (compact fungal hyphae) 2. Algal zone (algal cells and fungal hyphae) 3. Medulla (loosely arranged fungal hyphae) 4. Lower cortex (compact fungal hyphae 5. Rhizine (attachment structure)

Question 31

What is able to survive harsh environments?

Answer 31

lichen

Question 32

What are usually the first organisms to invade a barren environment

Answer 32

lichen

Question 33

What kind of relationship is mycorrhizae

Answer 33

mutualistic

Question 34

Mycorrhizae is a mutualistic relationship between _____ and ______ especially at _____

Answer 34

a fungus a green plant root

Question 35

The _____ extend the root coverage into the soil

Answer 35

hyphae

Question 36

The hyphae _____ and _____ increasing surface area and speed the growth of the plant.

Answer 36

collect water and minerals bring them to the roots

Question 37

The hyphae collect water and minerals and bring them to the roots _____ and _____

Answer 37

increasing surface area and speed the growth of the plant.

Question 38

What do the hyphae do for the plant

Answer 38

Increase surface areas so they can absorb more water and nutrietns helps it grow faster and stronger

Question 39

What does the photosynthetic plant provide for the fungus

Answer 39

energy from the food that they make through photosynthesis