Chapter 22

Question 1

the key function of this system is to supply — to body tissues and remove — from the body tissue through cardiovascular system (or supply — to blood and remove — from blood)

Answer 1

O2, CO2, O2 and CO2

Question 2

exchange of respiratory gases between the lungs and the blood is the —

Answer 2

external respiration

Question 3

exchange of gases between the blood and the tissue is the —

Answer 3

internal respiration

Question 4

consists of nose and pharynx

Answer 4

upper respiratory system

Question 5

consists of larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

Answer 5

lower respiratory system

Question 6

also called external nares

Answer 6

nostrils

Question 7

nasal conchae means…

Answer 7

fold

Question 8

three conchae

Answer 8

superior, middle, and inferior

Question 9

spaces between the conchae

Answer 9

meatuses

Question 10

three meatuses

Answer 10

superior meatus, middle meatus, inferior meatus

Question 11

between the superior and the middle conchae

Answer 11

superior meatus

Question 12

between the middle and the inferior conchae

Answer 12

middle meatus

Question 13

between the inferior meatus and the palate

Answer 13

inferior meatus

Question 14

pharynx divided into

Answer 14

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Question 15

upper part

Answer 15

nasopharynx

Question 16

middle part

Answer 16

oropharynx

Question 17

lower part

Answer 17

laryngopharynx

Question 18

wall consists of 9 pieces of cartilage

Answer 18

thyroid cartilage, epiglottic cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoids cartilage, corniculate cartilage, and cuneiform cartilage

Question 19

thyroid cartilage

Answer 19

signle

Question 20

epiglottic cartilage (epiglottis)

Answer 20

single

Question 21

cricoid cartilage

Answer 21

single

Question 22

arytenoids cartialge

Answer 22

paired

Question 23

corniculate cartilage

Answer 23

paired

Question 24

cuneiform cartilage

Answer 24

paired

Question 25

wall consists of ...

Answer 25

mucosa, submucosa, cartilage, and a few muscle and fibrous tissues

Question 26

divisions of trachea

Answer 26

trachea--> primary bronchi--> secondary bronchi (lobar bronchi)--> tertiary bronchi (segmental bronchi)--> bronchioles--> terminal bronchioles--> respiratory bronchioles--> alveolar ducts

Question 27

divisions of a lung

Answer 27

lung--> lobes--> segments--> lobules--> alveolar sacs (alveoli)

Question 28

squamous pulmonary epithelium

Answer 28

- large flat cells - make the wall of the alveolus

Question 29

septal cells

Answer 29

- these are small cuboidal cells - produce a mixture of lipoprotein substance called surfactants - surfactants reduce lung tension during breathing

Question 30

alveolar macrophages cells

Answer 30

- also called the dust cells - cleans up dust particles in the lung tissue

Question 31

inspiration occurs when the intrapulmonic pressure ...

Answer 31

falls below the atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg at sea level)

Question 32

the volume of a gas varies inversely with the pressure at a constant temperature

Answer 32

boyle's law

Question 33

pulmonary air volumes

Answer 33

- twelve repirations per minute at rest (normal) - we breath in or breath out about 500 ml of air

Question 34

minute volume respiration

Answer 34

- the volume of air taken in per minute - 500 ml x 12 = 6,000 ml

Question 35

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 35

- the excess air that we can breath in by a deep breath - about 3,100 ml (above the tidal volume)

Question 36

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 36

- the excess air that we can expel forcibly - abour 1,200 ml (above the tidal volume)

Question 37

residual volume

Answer 37

- the volume of air remains inside the lungs following a forcible expulsion of air - about 1,200 ml

Question 38

inspiratory capacity

Answer 38

- the maximum volume of air we can breath in - tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume - 500 ml + 3,100 ml = 3,600 ml

Question 39

expiratory capacity

Answer 39

- the maximunm volume of air we can expel - tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume - 500 ml + 1,200 ml = 1,700 ml

Question 40

functional residual volume

Answer 40

- the volume of air that remains inside the lungs following a normal expiration (no force applied) - residual volume + expiratory reserve volume - 1,200 ml + 1,200 ml = 2,400 ml

Question 41

total lung capacity

Answer 41

- the maximum volume of air the lungs can hold - functional residual volume + tidal volume + inspiratoru reserve volume - 2,400 ml + 500 ml + 3,100 ml = 6,000 ml

Question 42

the volume of a gas is directly propoertional to the absolute temperature, assuming that the pressure remains constant

Answer 42

charle's law

Question 43

each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as of all other gases are not present

Answer 43

dalton's law

Question 44

the quantity of a gas that will be dissolved in a liquid, is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas and its solubility coefficient at a constant temperature

Answer 44

herny's law

Question 45

--- of O2 is transported by hemoglobin (Hb)

Answer 45

97%

Question 46

--- of O2 is transported by plasma

Answer 46

3%

Question 47

--- of CO2 is transported by hemoglobin

Answer 47

23%

Question 48

--- of CO2 is transported by plasma

Answer 48

77%

Question 49

Hb + O2 =

Answer 49

oxyhemoglobin

Question 50

Hb + CO2 =

Answer 50

carbaminohemoglobin

Question 51

located in the pons; promotes inspiration (inhibits expiration)

Answer 51

apneustic area

Question 52

located in the pons; promotes expiration (inhibits inspiration)

Answer 52

pneumotaxic area