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ABD 2 > CHAPTER 23 THE SCROTUM > Flashcards

CHAPTER 23 THE SCROTUM Flashcards

1
Q

terminal intratesticular artery arising from the capsular arteries

A

centripetal artery

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2
Q

small artery arising from the inferior epigastric artery (a branch of the external iliac artery), which supplies the peritesticular tissue, including the cremasteric muscle

A

cremasteric artery

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3
Q

an extension of the internal oblique muscle that descends to the testis with the spermatic cord; contraction of the cremasteric muscle shortens the spermatic cord and elevates the testis

A

cremasteric muscle

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4
Q

also called undescended testes; testicles remain within the abdomen or groin and fail to descend into the scrotal sac

A

cryptorchidism

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5
Q

arises from the vesicle artery (a branch of the internal iliac artery) and supplies the vas deferens and epididymis

A

deferential artery

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6
Q

connect the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens to the urethra at the verumontanum

A

ejaculatory ducts

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7
Q

cyst filled with clear, serous fluid located in the epididymis

These patients are usually asymptomatic but may feel the mass

A

epididymal cyst

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8
Q

anatomic structure formed by the network of ducts leaving the mediastinum testis that combine into a single, convoluted epididymal tubule; located on the posterolateral aspect of the testis; the epididymis consists of the head, the body, and the tail; spermatozoa mature and accumulate within the epididymis

A

epididymis

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9
Q

inflammation of the epididymis

A

epididymitis

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10
Q

blood located between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis

A

hematocele

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11
Q

fluid formed between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis

Most common in epididymo-orchitis or after trauma

A

hydrocele

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12
Q

central linear structure formed by the convergence of multiple thin septations within the testicle; the septations are invaginations of the tunica albuginea

A

mediastinum testis

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13
Q

plexus of veins in the spermatic cord that drain into the right and left testicular veins; when a varicocele is present, dilation and tortuosity may develop

A

pampiniform plexus

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14
Q

the internal and external pudendal arteries partially supply the scrotal wall and epididymis and occasionally the lower pole of the testis

A

pudendal artery

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15
Q

pus located between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis

A

pyocele

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16
Q

terminal ends of the centripetal (intratesticular) arteries that curve backward toward the capsule

A

recurrent rami

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17
Q

network of channels formed by the convergence of the straight seminiferous tubules in the mediastinum testis; these channels drain into the head of the epididymis

A

rete testis

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18
Q

sac containing the testes and epididymis

A

scrotum

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19
Q

reservoirs for sperm located posterior to the bladder

A

seminal vesicles

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20
Q

multiple septa formed from the tunica albuginea that course toward the mediastinum testis and separate the testicle into lobules

A

septa testis

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21
Q

structure made up of vas deferens, testicular artery, cremasteric artery, and pampiniform plexus that suspends the testis in the scrotum

A

spermatic cord

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22
Q

cystic dilation in the efferent ductules of the head of epididymis containing sperm

This is often seen after vasectomies.

A

spermatocele

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23
Q

male gonad that produces hormones that induce masculine features and spermatozoa

A

testicle

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24
Q

artery arising from the aorta just distal to each renal artery; it divides into two major branches, supplying the testis medially and laterally

A

testicular artery

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25
Q

the pampiniform plexus forms each testicular vein; the right testicular vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava, whereas the left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein

A

testicular vein

26
Q

inner fibrous membrane surrounding the testicle

A

tunica albuginea

27
Q

membrane consisting of a visceral layer (adherent to the testis) and a parietal layer (adherent to the scrotum) lining the inner wall of the scrotum; a potential space between these layers is where hydroceles may develop

A

tunica vaginalis –

28
Q

small membranous canal that extends from the bladder to the end of the penis

A

urethra

29
Q

dilated veins in the pampiniform plexus caused by obstruction of the venous return from the testicle

More common on left and can cause infertility.

A

varicocele

30
Q

tube that connects the epididymis to the seminal vesicle

A

vas deferens

31
Q

junction of the ejaculatory ducts with the urethra

A

verumontanum

32
Q

If a patient comes in with cryptorchidism, what would the sonographic findings be?

What is the surgery to fix this?

A

smaller, less echogenic, and usually oval and homogenous

orchiopexy

33
Q

Males with cryptorchidism are at risk for?

A

Infertility, testicular cancer, and torsion.

34
Q

What are the measurements for the scrotum?

A

Long- 3-5 cm
Wide- 2-4 cm
High- 3 cm

35
Q

The rt testicular vein drains into

A

IVC

36
Q

The left testicular vein drains into the

A

left renal vein then the IVC

37
Q

What is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain?

A

Epididymo-orchitis

38
Q

What is the most common cause of torsion?

A

Bell-Clapper

39
Q

Undescended testicles are 10X more likely to be affected by torsion.

True or False

A

True

40
Q

What is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain in ADOLESCENCE?

A

Torsion

41
Q

Varicoceles are more common on right or left testicles?

A

Left

42
Q

What is the most common herniated structure followed by omentum?

A

bowel

43
Q

What is the most common cause of painless scrotal swelling?

A

Hydrocele

44
Q

Sperm granuloma is most frequent in patients with a history of?

A

vasectomy

45
Q

What is the most common germ cell tumor?

A

seminoma

46
Q

Cryptorchidism is most commonly in the _______ canal

A

inguinal

47
Q

The _____ is the inner lining of scrotal wall?

A

Parietal

48
Q

The _______ surrounds the testis and epididymis

A

Visceral

49
Q

Rete testis drains into ______ of epididymis through the efferent ductules

A

head

50
Q

The largest part of the epididymis is the ________

A

head ( 6-15 mm in width)

51
Q

What are some questions to ask the patient before exam?

A

1) Vasectomy procedure? when?
2) Can you feel a mass? (Find the lump and place the probe right on that place)
3) What are your symptoms and how long have they been going on?
4) Experience any trauma? When did it occur (IMPORTANT) Describe what happened?
5) Were you referred because of a palpable mass, scrotal pain, swollen scrotum or other reason?

52
Q

Why is it important to ask the patient how long the trauma/rupture occured?

A

because the longer they wait, the lesser the chance to salvage the testicle

Within 72 hours-90%
After 72 hours- 45%

53
Q

Peak incidence of torsion?

A

age 14

54
Q

bowel, omentum ( but more commonly just bowel) or other structures herniate into the scrotum.

A

Scrotal hernia

55
Q

Which type of mass has a higher rate of malignancy?

Intratesticular
Extratesticular

A

Intratesticular. If it is is in the testicle, suspect malignancy.

56
Q

Testicular cyst are more common in men or women??

A

HAHAHA TRICK QUESTION :) just making sure you’re paying attention!

SMILE :P

57
Q

Testicular cysts are more common in men older than 40. Do they require treatment?

A

NO.

58
Q

tiny calcifications within testis

A

microlithiasis

59
Q

Microlithiasis has a high association with

A

testicular malignancy

Make sure to follow up with this case.

60
Q

Malignancy is more frequent between the ages of

A

20-34 years old.

ABD 2 (5 decks)

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