Chapter 24

Question 1

malintzin / doña marina

Answer 1

spanish woman who was fluent in maya and native nahuatl language and was thus able to help hernán cortés communicate in central mexico. aka la malinche (traitor)

Question 2

taíno

Answer 2

most prominent people in the caribbean when spanish mariners arrived, cultivated manioc and other crops

Question 3

island of hispaniola

Answer 3

made base of spanish operations in the caribbean by christopher columbus.

Question 4

santo domingo

Answer 4

in hispaniola, capital of spanish caribbean

Question 5

encomienda

Answer 5

institution that helped recruit labor, gave spanish settlers the right to compel the taíno to work in their mines or fields in return of looking after workers’ health

Question 6

encomenderos

Answer 6

spanish settlers

Question 7

hernán cortes

Answer 7

captured tenochtitlan and brought down the aztec empire

Question 8

cuahtémoc

Answer 8

motecuzoma’s nephew, last aztec emperor

Question 9

francisco pizarro

Answer 9

led spanish expedition from central america to peru and brought down inca empire

Question 10

huascar and atahualpa

Answer 10

two brothers within inca ruling house who disputed

Question 11

atahualpa

Answer 11

inca ruler who was killed by francisco pizarro

Question 12

viceroy

Answer 12

spanish king’s representatives in the americas, had power

Question 13

audiencias

Answer 13

review of courts by university-educated lawyers for viceroys

Question 14

treaty of tordesillas

Answer 14

signed by spain and portugal, divided world along imaginary north-south line (spain: west, portugal: east)

Question 15

pedro alvares de cabral

Answer 15

portuguese mariner, stopped in brazil en route to india

Question 16

amazon basin and paraguay

Answer 16

native ppls produced little agricultural surplus, no mineral deposits to attract european migrants

Question 17

the seven years’ war

Answer 17

ended with french colony in canada falling under british control

Question 18

raid of 1622

Answer 18

native ppls killed 1/3 of english settlers in chesapeake region

Question 19

edward waterhouse

Answer 19

survived raid of 1622, wanted to kill native ppls

Question 20

mestizo

Answer 20

mixed society (iberian colonies)

Question 21

mulattoes

Answer 21

born of portuguese and african parents

Question 22

zambos

Answer 22

born of indigenous and african parents

Question 23

peninsulares

Answer 23

migrants born in europe from iberian peninsula, stood at top of social hierarchy in spanish and portuguese colonies

Question 24

criollos / creoles

Answer 24

born in americas of iberian parents, second in social hierarchy in spanish and portuguese colonies

Question 25

métis

Answer 25

mixed ppl in french colonies in north america

Question 26

potosí

Answer 26

spanish prospectors found large vein of silver near potosí, began mining, and led to potosí becoming a boomtown

Question 27

mita system

Answer 27

inca practice of requisitioning draft labor used by the spanish to recruit workers for dangerous chores that free laborers would not accept

Question 28

quinto

Answer 28

where the spanish government reserved a fifth of the silver production for itself

Question 29

hacienda / estate

Answer 29

most prominent site of agricultural and craft production in spanish america, produced foodstuffs for its own use as well as for sale

Question 30

pueblo revolt

Answer 30

native groups in northern mexico mounted a large uprising led by a native shaman called popé, driving spanish settlers out of the region

Question 31

túpac amaru

Answer 31

last of inca rulers, there was a revolt in his name that lasted for two years

Question 32

felipe guaman poma de ayala

Answer 32

native of peru, sent letter to king philip iii of spain asking for protection for native peoples against rapacious colonists

Question 33

egenho

Answer 33

sugar mill in colonial brazil. planters and owners were a privileged class

Question 34

north american fur trade

Answer 34

european mariners exploited northern lands when they found an entrance to fur-producing regions through the hudson strait and the hudson bay. indigenous ppls traded fur for manufactured goods like firearms

Question 35

beaver wars

Answer 35

iroquois wanted to expand hunting grounds at expense of the hurons and others to monopolize the fur trade with europeans, leading to conflict

Question 36

tobago

Answer 36

taíno smoked leaves of a local plant through a pipe called a tobago

Question 37

jean nicot

Answer 37

french diplomat who introduced tobacco use to paris

Question 38

virginia

Answer 38

tobacco!!

Question 39

franciscan missionaries

Answer 39

12 arrived in mexico and founded a school in tlatelolco to educate sons of noble families in latin, spanish, and christian doctrine

Question 40

tlatelolco

Answer 40

bustling market district of aztec capital of tenochtitlan

Question 41

bernardino de sahagún

Answer 41

preserved volumes of information about the language and beliefs of mexico before arrival of spanish forces

Question 42

juan diego

Answer 42

saw virgin mary on a hill near mexico city. site became popular.

Question 43

virgin of guadalupe

Answer 43

powerful symbol of mexican nationalism, gained reputation for working miracles on behalf of individuals who visited her shrine

Question 44

terra australis incognita

Answer 44

unknown southern land (australia)

Question 45

dutch voc (east india company)

Answer 45

authorized exploratory voyages to australia

Question 46

jan carstenz

Answer 46

dutch mariner who said australia was barren

Question 47

james cook

Answer 47

charted australia

Question 48

ferdinand magellan

Answer 48

him and his crew became first europeans to cross pacific ocean

Question 49

guam

Answer 49

manila galleons called regularly at guam

Question 50

chamorro

Answer 50

opposed roman catholicism but after smallpox, relocated into communities supervised by spanish authorities

Question 51

tahiti

Answer 51

european mariners engaged in sexual relations with tahitian women in exchange for nails and knives