Chapter 27 Flashcards
(60 cards)
Shah Jahan
The emperor of Mughal India (another Islamic empire of early modern times)
Peacock Throne
Shah Jahan’s ornate throne, made with ten million rupees’ worth of jewels
Taj Mahal
Built over the course of 18 years as a tomb for Shah Jahan’s wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who died in childbirth. Is a monument to the departed empress and to Shah Jahan’s islamic faith. (Built to symbolize the day when Allah would cause the dead to rise/undergo judgement before his heavenly throne)
Ottoman Empire
A dynastic Muslim state centered in modern-day Turkey. It was the longest lived of the Muslim empires, not disbanding until the early 20th century.
Safavid dynasty
Ruled a Muslim empire in early 16th century in Persia that never expanded its heartland in present-day Iran, but whose Shiite rulers challenged the Sunni Ottomans for dominance in SW Asia. prospered from trade because it connected trade routes to China, India, Russia, and Mediterranean.
Osman Gazi
Founded the Ottoman empire in 1289. Osman and his followers wanted to become Ghazi: Muslim religious warriors
bey
chief
Bursa
Anatolian city captured by the Ottomans who made it the capital of their principality. Developed into a commercial and intellectual center
Edirne (Adrianople)
Became a 2nd Ottoman capital and served as a base for expansion into the Balkans
Devshirme
An institution that required the Christian population in the Balkans to contribute young boys to become slaves for the Sultan of the Ottoman empire.
Janissaries
Slave boys from the Balkans who became Ottoman soldiers. Gained a reputation of loyalty to the Sultan.
Mehmed the Conqueror
Ottoman Sultan who captured Constantinople in 1453 and expanded the empire
Ruler of 2 lands (Asia and Europe) and 2 seas (Mediterranean and Black Seas)
Constantinople
Became new Ottoman capital. Allowed for further expansion (later Istanbul)
Selim the Grim
Ottoman Sultan that expanded empire into Syria and Egypt
Suleyman the Magnificent
Sultan that promoted Ottoman expansion and made them a major naval power
Khayr al-Din Barbarossa Pasha
A Turkish corsair that placed his pirate fleet under the Ottoman’s flag and became Suleyman’s leading admiral.
Ismail
A 14-year old boy who left Gilan, entered Tabriz at the head of an army, and claimed the Persian Imperial Title of Shah. Made religion of his realm Twelver Shiism.
Safi al-Din
Leader of a Sufi religious order in NW Persia.
Safavids
The family of Shah Ismail who claimed to be descendants of Safi al-Din.
Twelver Shiism
The religious belief that there were 12 infallible imams (religious leaders) after Muhammad.
Qizilbash
“Red heads” refers to the Turkish followers of Ismail’s father who wore a red hat with 12 pleats in memory of the 12 Shiite imams.
Battle of Chaldiran
Selm the Grimm’s Janissaries invaded the Shiite Safavid’s territory and waged a critical battle that was disastrous for Safavids. The Ottomans had the upper hand because they were armed whereas the Safavids were not.
Tabriz
Safavid capital that was temporarily occupied by the Ottomans after the Battle of Chaldiran.
Shah Abbas the Great
Safavid ruler who moved the capital to Isfahan and encouraged foreign trade.
