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EFRS Class 159 > Chapter 27 Hazardous Materials > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Hazardous Materials Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Define Hazardous Materials (HazMat)

A

Any material or substance, which even in normal use, poses a risk to health, safety, property or the environment.

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2
Q

What are Acts

A

Result from legislation passed in parliament.

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3
Q

What are Regulations

A

Articles that are referenced by an act

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4
Q

What are Standards

A

Developed and reviewed by non-governmental consensus committees

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5
Q

Currently NFPA identifies and recognizes training and response levels in four distinct categories What are they

A

Awareness Level
Operations Level
Technicians Level
Specialist
Incident Commander Level

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6
Q

An Operational Level responder has three key responsibilities:

A
  1. to recognize certain types of containers and storage vessels
  2. to identify the material inside
  3. to give this information to the Incident Command (IC) or the HazMat team
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7
Q

four ways to identify the materials and risks you are facing

A

Location and Occupancy
Placards, Labels, and Markings
Container shapes
Your Senses

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8
Q

What are the 3 Facility and Transport Markings

A

Signs -Found at fixed sites - NFPA 704 in 4 colors
Labels -10 X 10 cm & are required on containers up to 450 L
Placards -Diamond shaped 25 X 25 cm used in transportation of more than 450L

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9
Q

NFPA 704 Site Identification The diamond is divided into four sections or quadrants and a varying degree of danger scale

A

Health Left Blue
Flammability Top Red
Reactivity Right Yellow
Special Info Bottom White

0 - 4
0 being the least dangerous
4 being the most dangerous

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10
Q

NFPA 704 Fire Hazards Flashpoints (5)

A

4
Flashpoint below 22.8 degrees Celsius
3
Flashpoint above 22.8 degrees Celsius but below 37.8 degrees C.
2
Flashpoint above 37.8 degrees Celsius but below 93 degrees C.
1
Flashpoint above 93 degrees Celsius
0
Normally won’t burn

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11
Q

NFPA 704 Fire Hazards Product characteristics

A

4
Usually very flammable gases or volatile flammable liquids
3
Flammable liquids and gases: can easily be ignited under normal temperature conditions
2
Have to be moderately heated to ignite
1
Must be preheated to create enough vapours for ignition
0

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12
Q

NFPA 704 Fire Hazards Actions

A

4
Shut off the fuel supply, and then protect exposed skin.
3
The low flash points make water ineffective.
2
In most cases, uses water to bring down the ignition temperature, preventing or extinguishing the fire.
1
Water may cause frothing but if you gently apply water (water fog) the frothing can extinguish the fire.
0

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13
Q

NFPA 704 Reactivity Hazards Product characteristics

A

4
Could self-detonate or explode at normal temperature and pressure.
Might be sensitive to mechanical or localized thermal shock.
3
Could detonate or explode, with a strong initiating source or confined heat.
Might be sensitive to mechanical or thermal shock at elevated temperature and pressure (ETP), and might react with water.
2
Normally unstable; undergoes rapid, violent chemical vchange, but won’t detonate.
Includes materials that undergo chemical change with a rapid release of energy at NTP or at ETP; that react with water; or that form potentially explosive mixtures.
1
Normally stable but becomes unstable at ETP. Might react with water and release energy, but not violently.
0
Normally stable even under fire exposure.
Does not react with water.

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14
Q

NFPA 704 Reactivity Hazards Actions

A

4
If materials are in the advanced stages of fire, evacuate the area.
3
Conduct firefighting activities from a protected area.
2
Conduct firefighting activities from a safe distance.
1
Extinguish products with water - cautiously.
0
Use normal firefighting procedures.

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15
Q

Labels and Placards are identical, except for size. They are diamond shaped and tell you what’s inside the container and what the primary danger is, in three ways what are they

A

Symbol
Color
Class #

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16
Q

What coloured background is associated with what hazardous material

A

Red Flammable
Orange Explosive
White Toxic or infectious
Green Compressed, but non-flammable, non-toxic
Blue Reactive
Black Corrosive
Yellow Oxidizer

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17
Q

Nine classes of hazardous materials

A

Class 1 Explosives
Class 2 Gases
Class 3 Flammable liquids
Class 4 Flammable solids
Class 5 Oxidizers & organic peroxides
Class 6 Toxic & infectious substances
Class 7 Radioactive material
Class 8 Corrosive
Class 9 Miscellaneous hazardous material

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18
Q

Examples of class 1.5 explosive materials

A

Construction and
demolition explosives

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19
Q

What kinds of gases are included in class 2

A

Compressed – gases stored under pressure (oxygen, chlorine)
Liquefied – gases liquefied by compression (propane, butane)
Cryogenic – gases liquefied by deep refrigeration (liquid nitrogen)
Dissolved – gases stored by absorption (acetylene)

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20
Q

an example of 2.3 toxic gas material

A

Phosgene

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21
Q

Examples of class 4.1 Flammable solids

A

Aluminum Powder (friction); Solidified Alcohol (STERNO) (easily ignitable); Benzene Sulpho-hydrazide (self-reactive) Zirconium Powder, wetted (desensitized explosive)

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22
Q

Examples of 4.2 Substances liable to spontaneously combust

A

Wet Rags or Wet Cotton or Activated Charcoal or PYROPHORIC LIQUIDS.

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23
Q

Examples of 4.3 SUBSTANCES WHICH, IN CONTACT WITH WATER, EMIT FLAMMABLE GASES (DANGEROUS WHEN WET MATERIALS)

A

Sodium (explodes on contact with water); Lithium (gives off flammable gases upon contact with water)

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24
Q

Examples of class 6.1 Toxic Substances

A

Cyanide Solid and Cyanide Solutions. (Irritants, Nerve Agents + Vesicants)

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25
Examples of class 8 Corrosive Material-
Nitric Acid (liquid), Sodium Hydroxide Solid.
26
Shipping Document should include
Emergency Contact Number Number of Pkgs. Shipped Shipping name Hazard or class # 4 digit U.N. #
27
The packing group tells you a material’s hazard level what are they
I Highest danger II Serious danger III Lowest (but still significant) danger
28
One corrosive which can be shipped by cardboard box is
Sulfuric Acid.
29
5 sections of the ERG
White pages (General information) Yellow pages ( ID # index ) Blue pages (alphabetical material index ) Orange pages (action guides) Green pages ((initial isolation and protective action distances)
30
As a member of the EFRS, SDS information can be obtained through these three avenues what are they? (3)
On Line, In the City website on line group The Department Health Safety consultant The Department ENVISO Consultant
31
There are six levels of radioactive packaging listed below and their hazard potential is identified from least, to most, dangerous
Excepted Package Industrial Package Type A Package Type B Package Type C Package More Dangerous than Type C
32
Define Toxic inhalation hazard (TIH) materials
Gases or volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled includes certain chemical warfare agents and water reactive materials which produce toxic gases upon contact with water
33
Define Initial isolation distance the distance
a circle in all directions from the actual spill / leak source
34
Define Protective action distance
distance the downwind distance from the actual spill / leak source within which protective actions could be implemented
35
If the index entry is highlighted What should you do
look for the ID number and name of the material in the table of Initial Isolation and protective action distances (Green pages).
36
Following basic Incident Command procedures, one of three operational modes might be adopted what are they? (hazmat)
Offensive Mode Defensive Mode Non-intervention
37
Six Steps to Manage a Hazardous Material Incident. H.A.Z.M.A.T
1.....H Hazard Identification 2.....A Action Plan 3.....Z Zoning 4.....M Manage the Scene 5.....A Assistance 6.....T Termination
38
Defensive options are techniques used to contain or confine hazardous materials what are some defensive actins? (8)
Absorption Confinement Dilution Remote valve shutoff Vapor dispersion Vapor suppression. Adsorption Burning off
39
What must be set up before anyone can enter the hot zone
Decontamination sector must be set up before anyone can enter the Hot Zone
40
What are the 4 limitations of Emergency Decontamination
Quick fix only May not remove all contaminants More thorough decontamination will have to follow May Damage the environment
41
What are the 2 Benefits of Emergency Decontamination
Quick response time Minimizes injury
42
What is The location of the decontamination site determined by?
Surface Material Hard, nonporous surfaces are the best option because they prevent ground contamination.
43
What is dosage
CHEMICAL + CONCENTRATION + TIME = DOSE
44
What is the difference between acute and chronic health hazards
Acute: Duration of effects ● Seconds to days Effects ● Immediate ● Mild to intermediate severity ● Recoverable Chronic: the slow buildup of a toxic substance in the body from repeated exposures. Duration of effects ● Months to life time Effects ● Delayed ● Severe ● Permanent
45
How Hazardous Materials can Enter Your Body
Inhalation Ingestion Contact/injection Absorption
46
Personal contamination through a chemical protective suit can occur through a variety of methods What are they?
Permeation Penetration Degradation
47
Define Permeation
Permeation is the passage through material on a molecular level, not passage through rips, tears, wear and tear, or natural constructed openings and closures.
48
Define Penetration
Penetration is considered the movement of chemicals through normal openings and closures.
49
Define Degradation
Degradation is the physical breakdown or destruction of the suit. This can be attributed to age, use, or elements that it has come into contact with.
50
Protective gear that allows you to fight flammable liquid fires that reach temperatures from 150 – 200 Celsius is called a __________ __________
proximity suit
51
Fire-Entry Suits are designed for maximum fire protection and will protect individuals in temperatures of up to __________ degrees Celsius.
1093
52
Why do they do air monitoring?
Many of the chemicals that we encounter are not detectable by the human body. The human body can’t tell the concentration of gases i.e.; O2 Many chemicals are toxic to the body.
53
With respect to the O2 sensor
● Low Alarm @ 19.5% : High Alarm @ 23.0% : Sensor range 0 – 30 %
54
With respect to the CO sensor
● Low Alarm @ 25 PPM : High Alarm @ 50 PPM : Sensor range 0 – 500 PPM
55
With respect to the H2S sensor:
● Low Alarm @ 10 PPM : High Alarm @ 15 PPM : Sensor range 0 - 500 PPM
56
With respect to the LEL sensor:
● Low Alarm @ 10% LEL : High Alarm @ 20% LEL: Sensor range 0 – 100 % Or 0 – 9999 PPM
57
Using the Monitor Before entering a potentially contaminated room or area
Always turn on and zero monitor in clean air atmosphere Avoid rushing in, always do a proper size up Always wear full PPE including SCBA Always take readings above your head and low before/after entering suspected area Allow time for sensors to react If initial readings detect any combustible gases have a charged hose line ready Be aware of rising readings - continue monitoring Always exit area and reassess, if meter goes into high alarm or hits over range
58
Oxygen deficient atmospheres may cause combustible gas readings to be __________ than actual concentrations.
Lower
59
Oxygen enriched atmospheres may cause combustible gas reading to be __________ than actual concentrations.
Higher
60
Flammable range of CO
12.5 TO 74% IN AIR
61
Pentane; LEL, UEL, Auto ignition, Vapour density, and flash point
in order 1.5%, 7.8%, 260 C, Heavier, -49 C
62
What are all important important O2 readings and what they mean (5)
1. Normal Oxygen Reading is 20.9 % 2. Low O2 alarm at 19.5 % or lower Must wear SCBA 3. Less than 16% Loss of coordination, impairment of thinking 4. Less than 10% Loss of consciousness and death 5. High O2 alarm at 23.0 % or higher Must Evacuate
63
Causes of Oxygen Deficiency
Rusting (oxidation) Combustion Absorption Bacterial action Chemical reaction Purging agents Poor ventilation Decomposition
64
C.B.R.N.E.
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive Incidents
65
INDICATORS OF A POSSIBLE CHEMICAL INCIDENT (11)
Dead animals/birds/fish Lack of insect life Unexplained odors Unusual numbers of dying or sick people (mass casualties) Pattern of casualties Blisters/rashes Illness in confined area Unusual liquid droplets Different looking areas Low-lying clouds Unusual metal debris
66
When do hazardous materials have the greatest potential for disaster?
Hazardous materials have the greatest potential for disaster while they are being shipped.
67
List six agencies that can be of assistance during a HAZMAT incident? (13 total)
1. Dispatch 2. Owner / Producer of product 3. HAZMAT response team 4. EPS 5. EMS 6. Utilities 7. CEDA 8. Tow Trucks 9. EPCOR 10. CANUTEC (Canadian transportation emergency center) 24 hr. 365 a year more for the rural dept. 11. CIC (coordination information center)provincial center 24 hr. 365 a year 422 9600 12. COMPUTER software CCINFO, ALOHA (plume dispersion program) 13. Emergency Response Guide
68
What should a Shipping Document include?
* Emergency Contact Number * Number of Pkgs. Shipped * Shipping name * Hazard or class # * 4 digit U.N. #
69
What flammable gas is used to calibrate the MX4?
* Pentane
70

EFRS Class 159 (30 decks)

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