Chapter 3

Question 1

Norms and Values:

Answer 1

Norms: Social rules that guide behavior in a society.
Values: Deeply held beliefs about what is good or desirable.
Example: In many Western societies, punctuality is a norm, and respect for individuality is a value.

Question 2

Symbol

Answer 2

An object or concept that represents something else, often with deeper meaning.
Example: The American flag symbolizes national pride and freedom.

Question 3

Transculturation:

Answer 3

The process of cultural exchange, where different cultures influence each other, leading to the creation of new cultural forms.
Example: The fusion of African, European, and Native American cultures leading to the development of jazz music.

Question 4

Ethnobotany:

Answer 4

: The study of how different cultures use plants for medicinal, nutritional, and spiritual purposes.
Example: Indigenous communities using plants like eucalyptus for healing.

Question 5

Cultural Adaptation:

Answer 5

The process by which humans adjust their behavior, technology, or social structures to survive in new or changing environments.
Example: People in colder climates wearing insulated clothing to adapt to the cold.

Question 6

Biological Adaptations:

Answer 6

Physical traits or changes that increase an organism’s chances of survival in a specific environment.
Example: People living in high altitudes developing larger lung capacities to cope with lower oxygen levels.