Chapter 7

Question 1

Band Societies

Answer 1

Small, egalitarian societies with no formal leadership, typically composed of extended families.
Example: Indigenous hunter-gatherer groups in the Amazon.

Question 2

Tribal Societies:

Answer 2

Larger than band societies, typically organized around clans or kin groups, with informal leadership.
Example: Native American tribes with a council of elders.

Question 3

Chiefdoms:

Answer 3

: Hierarchical societies with a formal leader (chief), often based on kinship, and with centralized power.
Example: Polynesian societies with a chief who controls resources.

Question 4

Bigman:

Answer 4

A leader who gains influence through wealth, generosity, and persuasion, rather than formal authority.
Example: A community leader who organizes festivals or feasts to gain influence.

Question 5

Conflict Mediation:

Answer 5

The process of resolving disputes and ensuring peace within a community.
Example: Elders in a community mediating a dispute between two families.

Question 6

Bureaucracy:

Answer 6

A formal organizational structure with specific rules and a hierarchy of authority.
Example: Government organizations like the DMV or the IRS.

Question 7

State Society:

Answer 7

A society with a central government, laws, and institutions that control large populations.
Example: Modern nation-states like the U.S. or China.

Question 8

Role of Political Stability:

Answer 8

Political stability is crucial for social and economic development, ensuring safety and structured governance.

Question 9

Yanomamö Warfare

Answer 9

The Yanomamö people of the Amazon engage in frequent inter-village warfare, primarily for status and resources.