Chapter 3

Question 1

what are values?

Answer 1

basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of experience

Question 2

what is a value system?

Answer 2

a hierarchy based on a ranking on an individuals values in term of their intensity

Question 3

what are the two framework for understanding values?

Answer 3

Milton Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) and Kent Hodgson’s general moral principles

Question 4

what two elements comprise RVS?

Answer 4

terminal and instrumental values

Question 5

what are terminal values?

Answer 5

goals that individuals would like to achieve during their lifetime

Question 6

what are instrumental values?

Answer 6

preferable ways of behaving, generally influence attitudes and behaviours

Question 7

what two elements comprise Hodgson’s general moral principles?

Answer 7

ethics and ethical values

Question 8

what are ethics?

Answer 8

the study of moral values and principles that guide our behaviour and inform us whether our actions are right or wrong

Question 9

what are ethical values?

Answer 9

related to moral judgements about right and wrong

Question 10

what are attitudes?

Answer 10

positive or negative feelings concerning objects, people, or events

Question 11

what are the components of an attitude?

Answer 11

cognitive, affective, and behavioural

Question 12

what is cognitive?

Answer 12

opinion or belief segment

Question 13

what is affective?

Answer 13

emotional or feeling segment

Question 14

what is behavioural?

Answer 14

intention to behave in a certain way toward someone/something

Question 15

what is job satisfaction?

Answer 15

positive feeling about a job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics

Question 16

what are sources of job satisfaction?

Answer 16

the work itself, enjoying the work, positive core self-evaluations (more satisfied than those without)

Question 17

what 4 methods to employees use to express dissatisfaction?

Answer 17

exit, voice, loyalty, neglect

Question 18

what is exit?

Answer 18

dissatisfaction expressed by actively attempting to leave the organization

Question 19

what is voice?

Answer 19

dissatisfaction expressed by actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions

Question 20

what is loyalty?

Answer 20

dissatisfaction expressed by passively waiting for conditions to improve

Question 21

what is neglect?

Answer 21

dissatisfaction expressed by passively allowing conditions to worsen

Question 22

what is counterproductive work behaviour?

Answer 22

actions that actively damage the organization, including stealing, behaving aggressively towards coworkers, or absenteeism

Question 23

what is organizational commitment?

Answer 23

the degree to which an employee identifies with a particular org. and its goals, and wishes to maintain membership in the org.

Question 24

what are the 3 types of organizational commitment?

Answer 24

affective, normative, and continuance

Question 25

what is affective commitment?

Answer 25

an individuals emotional attachment to and identification with an organization, and a belief in its values

Question 26

what is normative commitment

Answer 26

the obligation an individual feels to stay with an organization

Question 27

what is continuance commitment?

Answer 27

an individuals calculation to stay with an organization based on the perceived costs of leaving the organization

Question 28

what is job involvement?

Answer 28

the degree to which a person identifies with a job, actively participates in it, and considers performance important to self-worth

Question 29

what is psychological empowerment?

Answer 29

employees' belief in the degree to which they affect their work environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their job, and their perceived autonomy

Question 30

what is perceived organizational support?

Answer 30

the degree to which employees believe an organization values their contributions and cares about their well-being

Question 31

what is employee engagement?

Answer 31

involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work individuals do

Question 32

what is surface-level diversity?

Answer 32

differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, gender, or disability

Question 33

what is deep-level diversity?

Answer 33

differences in values, personality, and work preferences that become progressively more important for determining similarity as people get to know one another better

Question 34

what is cultural intelligence?

Answer 34

the ability to understand someone's unfamiliar and ambiguous gestures in the same way as would people from his or her culture