Chapter 6 Flashcards

Groups and Teamwork (43 cards)

1
Q

what is a group?

A

two or more people with a common relationship

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2
Q

what is a team?

A

a group whose individual efforts result in performance that is greater than the sum of the individual inputs

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3
Q

what are the 4 types of teams?

A

problem-solving, self-managed, cross-functional, virtual

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4
Q

what is a problem-solving team?

A

a group of employees who meet for a few hours each week to discuss ways of improving quality, efficiency, and the work environment

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5
Q

what is a self-managed team?

A

a group of 10-15 employees who take on many of the responsibilities of their former managers

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6
Q

what is a cross-functional team?

A

a group of employees at about the same hierarchal level, but from different work areas, who come together to accomplish a task

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7
Q

what is a virtual team?

A

a team that uses computer technology to tie together physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal

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8
Q

what is a multiteam system?

A

a collection of 2+ interdependent teams that share a subordinate goal; a team of teams

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9
Q

what is a role?

A

a set of expected behaviours of a person in a given position in a social unit

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10
Q

what are role expectations?

A

how others believe a person should act in a given situation

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11
Q

what is role conflict?

A

a situation in which an individual finds that complying with one role requirement may make if more difficult to comply with another

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12
Q

what is role ambiguity?

A

people are unclear about their role

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13
Q

what is role overload?

A

too much is expected of somebody

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14
Q

what is role underload?

A

too little is expected of people, and they do not feel that they are contributing

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15
Q

what are norms?

A

acceptable standards of behaviour within a group that are shared by group members

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16
Q

what is conformity?

A

adjusting one’s behaviour to align with the norms of the group

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17
Q

what is deviant workplace behaviour?

A

voluntary behaviour that violates significant organizational norms and, in doing so, threatens the wellbeing of the organization and its members

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18
Q

what are the five stages of group and team development?

A

forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

19
Q

what is forming?

A

creating the group, uncertainty and anxiety are present

20
Q

what is storming?

A

intra-group conflict occurs

21
Q

what is norming?

A

close relationships and cohesiveness form

22
Q

what is performing?

A

achieved when the group is fully functional

23
Q

what is adjourning?

A

concerned with wrapping up activities rather than task performance for temporary groups

24
Q

what is the punctuated-equilibrium model?

A

a set of phases that temporary groups go through that involves transitions between inertia and activity

25
what are the twelve characteristics of effective teams?
clear purpose, informality, participation, listening, civilized disagreement, consensus decisions, open communication, clear rules and work assignments, shared leadership, external relations, style diversity, self-assessment
26
what is clear purpose?
the vision, mission, goal, or task of the team has been defined and is now accepted by everyone. There is an action plan
27
what is informality?
the climate tends to be informal, comfortable, and relaxed. There is no obvious signs of tension or boredom
28
what is participation?
there is much discussion, and everyone is encouraged to participate
29
what is listening?
the members use effective listening techniques such as questioning, paraphrasing, and summarizing to get out ideas
30
what is civilized disagreement?
there is disagreement, but the team is comfortable with this and shows no signs of avoiding, smoothing over, or suppressing conflict
31
what is consensus decisions?
for important decisions, the goal is substantial but not necessarily unanimous agreement through open discussion of everyone's ideas, avoidance of formal voting, or easy compromises
32
what is open communication?
team members feel free to express their feelings on the tasks as well as on the group's operation. There are few hidden agendas. Communication takes place outside of meetings.
33
what is clear rules and work assignments?
there are clear expectations about the roles played by each team member. When action is taken, clear assignments are made, accepted, and carried out. Work in distributed among team members
34
what is shared leadership?
while the team has a formal leader, leadership functions shift from time to time depending on the circumstances, the needs of the group, and the skills of the members. The formal leader models the appropriate behaviour and helps establish positive norms
35
what are external relations?
the team spends time developing key outside relationships, mobilizing resources, and building credibility with important players in other parts of the organization
36
what is style diversity?
the team has a broad spectrum of team-player types, including members who emphasize attention to task, goal setting, focus on process, and questions about how the team is functioning
37
what is self-assessment?
periodically, the team stops to examine how well it is functioning and what may be interfering with its effectiveness
38
what is context?
adequate resources, leadership, structure, climate of trust, performance evaluation and rewards.
39
what is composition?
abilities, diversities and personalities of members, allocation of roles, cultural differences, and team size
40
what are task-oriented roles?
these group members ensure that the tasks are accomplished
41
what are maintenance roles?
these group members maintain good relations within the group
42
what is social loafing?
the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually
43
how can you reduce social loafing?
keep team size to a minimum, and keep members accountable