Chapter 3

Question 1

What are the major types of molecules?

Answer 1

1. Proteins
2. Nucleic Acids
3. Carbohydrates
4. Lipids

Question 2

Proteins are polymers of what?

Answer 2

Amino Acids

Question 3

What bond type do proteins use?

Answer 3

Peptide Bond

Question 4

Explain the four levels of protein structure.

Answer 4

Primary Structure- The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.
Secondary Structure- Formation of a-Helices and b-Pleaded sheets in a polypeptide.
Tertiary Structure- Shape begins to produce by bonds.
Quaternary Structure- Several polypeptides form a single protein.

Question 5

What are the 5 ways proteins bond in the tertiary structure?

Answer 5

1. Hydrogen Bonding
2. Hydrophobic Interactions
3. van der Waals interactions
4. Covalent Bonding
5. Ionic Bonding

Question 6

What are the functions of proteins? (with examples)

Answer 6

1. Catalysis (Enzymes)
2. Signaling (Hormones)
3. Defense (Antibodies)
4. Structure (Collagen)
5. Movement (Muscle)
6. Transport (Hemoglobin carrying oxygen in RBC)

Question 7

Changes in what protein structure will affect its function?

Answer 7

Changes in the sequence of the primary structure

Question 8

What are “Molecular Chaperones”?

Answer 8

Proteins that help other proteins fold properly

Question 9

For a protein to perform its function, it must have the correct ____?

Answer 9

Shape; must be folded properly.