Chapter 5

Question 1

Carbohydrates are made up of what groups?

Answer 1

They have 1 carbonyl group and more than 1 hydroxyl group

Question 2

What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

Answer 2

(CH2O)

Question 3

Simple sugars tend to form what?

Answer 3

Rings

Question 4

Which monosaccharide is the most important one in living things?

Answer 4

Glucose

Question 5

What is the difference between a-Glucose & b-Glucose?

Answer 5

The position of the -OH on the cardon-1.

Question 6

Is it easier to break the bonds of a-Glucose or b-Glucose?

Answer 6

a-Glucose are easy to break; b-Glucose bonds are much harder.

Question 7

What are glycoproteins?

Answer 7

Unique sugars on the surface of the cells that identifies “self” from “nonself” to the immune system.

Question 8

What are the 5 polysaccharides described in the book? (with explanation & examples)

Answer 8

Starch- Used for energy storage in plants and cells (in potatoes)
Glycogen- Used for energy storage in animal cells (in liver and muscles)
Cellulose- Used for structural support in cell walls and plants and many algae
Chitin- Used for structural support in the cell walls of fungi and the external skeletons of insects.
Peptidoglycan- Used for structural support in bacterial cell walls.