Chapter 3 Flashcards by Candice Hopkins

the medulla is considered part of the brain rather than part of the spinal cord because it

contained in the skull

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what is the limbic system

a group of forebrain structures that is important for motivated and emotional behavior

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Which part of the nervous system prepares for flight or fight

sympathetic

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breathing, heart rate, vomiting, salivation, coughing and sneezing are all controlled by what

medulla

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Amanda abuses opiate drugs because receptors for the opiate drugs are found in the ______. One serious side effect of an overdose would be Amanda having suppressed breathing and heart rate.

medulla

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Abe has suffered damage to the right side of his cerebral cortex. As a result, he now has motor and sensory deficits on the right side of his body. True or False

False

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The sweat glands, adrenal glands, and muscles that constrict blood vessels have input from only the ______ nervous system

Sympathetic

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Prefrontal lobotomies were connected in the US in an attempt to

treat severe psychiatric disorders

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An individual has difficult remembering certain things after brain damage but all memory stored before the damage are intact brain area most likely damaged is the what

Hippocampus

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Tanya has suffered damage to her striate cortex she now experiences visual disturbances true or false

true

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Hangs doctors would like to get an image of her brain her doctors decided that an MRI might be a challenge because

She is afraid of loud enclosed places

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Which of the following cranial nerves does not play a role in taste in control of the tongue and throat movement

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Which structure provides the main source of input to the cerebral cortex

thalamus

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The binding problem is the issue of how we

Percy visual auditory and other aspects of a stimulus as a single object

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The nuclei for most of the cranial nerves are located in the

midbrain

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The prefrontal cortex is important for working memory true or false

True

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The term rhombencephalon refers to the

hindbrain

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Where would you find the dorsal root ganglia

Outside but near the spinal cord

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Darren is studying for a quiz he writes in his notes that his parietal lobe is important for his sense of

Touch

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People with damage of the parietal cortex tend to have trouble

Locating objects in space

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Amanda is studying for a quiz she writes in her notes that the _____ matter is in the center of the spinal cord and is made up of

gray, mainly cell bodies and dendrites

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Sympathetic is to _____ as parasympathetic is to

Norepinephrine and acetylcholine

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If you could selectively damage the individual laminae of the cortex damaged which layer would most likely affect visual sensation

Layer IV of the occipital cortex

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Sympathetic is to _____ as parasympathetic is to

Arousal and relaxation

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Which plane shows brain structures as they would be seen from above

Horizontal

Superior colliculus is to the ___ as inferior colliculus is to

Vision and hearing

As axons from the spinal cord enter the skull which structure do they enter

Medulla

The central nervous system is composed of the

Brain and spinal cord

In which area of the brain would you find the tectum tegmentum superior and inferior colliculi and substantial nigra

midbrain

The medulla controls a number reflexes through

Cranial nerves

One function of the thalamus is to

Relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex

Which division of the nervous system consists of neurons that deliver messages from the sensory organs to the central nervous system

Somatic

Research indicates that the behavioral effects of the cerebellum may be due to its role in

Focusing attention and organizing sensory inputs

What structure is composed of the medulla pons midbrain and certain central structures of the forebrain

The brainstem

Which plane shows brain structures as they would be seen from the front

Coronal

A function of the cerebrospinal fluid is to

Cushion the brain

The pituitary gland synthesizes and releases hormones

Into the bloodstream

The parasympathetic nervous system has

Long preganglionic and short post ganglionic axons

Sympathetic ganglia ____

Are closely linked and often act as a single system

Secretions from which gland will also affect the secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland adrenal gland and ovaries and testes

The pituitary gland

Membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord are called

Meninges

Damage to the basal ganglia would most likely result in

A movement disorder

The choroid plexus

Forms the cerebrospinal fluid

Cell bodies of motor neurons would most likely be found in

Gray matter

Which structure receives input from the hypothalamus and basil ganglia and send axons that release acetylcholine to widespread areas in the cerebral cortex

Nucleus basilis

After damage to the ventral roots of the spinal cord and individual who suffer what kind of loss

Control of the peripheral muscles in the infected body area

Vision is to ___ as hearing is to

Cranial nerve two and cranial nerve eight

The hippocampus plays a major role in

Memory

What type of pathway in the substantial nigra deteriorate and Parkinson's disease

Dopamine

If one structure is on the left side of the body and another is on the right they are said to be ____ to each other

Contralateral

The nucleus basalis is a key part of the brain system for

Attention

The reticular formation is contained within the

Brainstem

The ascending portion of the reticular formation

Increases arousal and attention

The cell bodies of sensory neurons that are in clusters of neurons outside the spinal cord are called

Dorsal root ganglia

And impairment of eating drinking temperature regulation for sexual behavior suggest possible damage to which brain structure

Hypothalamus

After damage to the dorsal root of the spinal cord and individual will suffer what kind of loss

Sensation from the affected body area

In addition to problems with balance and coordination a person with damage to the cerebellum will likely have problems with

Shifting attention between auditory and visual stimuli

You were walking after dark said noise frightened you your heart pound your heart races when you're breathing rate increases these responses are due to your

Sympathetic nervous system

Together the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system make up the ____ nervous system

Peripheral

A cross-section of the spinal cord indicates that gray matter is

Densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites

What causes hydrocephalus

Obstruction in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid

Olfactory information is processed by the

Cortex via the olfactory bulbs

Which neurotransmitter is primarily used by the parasympathetic nervous system

Acetylcholine

The cerebellum contribute to the control of what function

Movement

The nuclei for cranial nerves one through four are located in

The midbrain and forebrain

Meningitis is an inflammation of the

Membranes surrounding the brain

Which structure provides the main source of input to the cerebral cortex

The thalamus

Acetylcholine is the only neurotransmitter released by

The parasympathetic nervous system's post ganglionic axons

The spinal cord communicate with

Sense organs and muscles below the level of the head

By both neural and hormonal pathways the hypothalamus regulates activity of the

Pituitary gland

How many pairs of cranial nerves do humans have

Which structure is likely to be damaged in Parkinson's disease Huntington's disease and other conditions that impair movement

Basal ganglia

Which structure consist of the medulla the ponds and the cerebellum

The hindbrain

The precentral gyrus is essential for the

Control of find movements

Cortical blindness may result from the destruction of

The occipital cortex

If you could selectively damage the individual laminate of the cortex damaged which layer with the most likely affect visual sensation

Layer IV of the occipital cortex

The prefrontal cortex is important for

Working memory

Which statement is true of the cortical areas that are sometimes known as association areaa

They are best described as additional sensory areas

Each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex received most of his input from the ____ Side of the body and controls the muscles on the ____ side

Contralateral and contralateral

People with damage of the parietal cortex tend to have trouble

Locating objects in space

The large scale integration problem is the difficulty of

Knowing how the areas of your brain work together to create a combined perception

If the prefrontal cortex is damaged and individual may

Had difficulty remembering where they placed their keys

The _____ monitors all the information about I head and body positions and passes it on to brain areas that control movement

Parietal lobe

Which lobe seems to be especially involved in the comprehension of spoken language in humans

Temporal

What is the primary area of the cerebral cortex for auditory sensations

Temporal

Which part of the cerebral cortex is most important for the sense of touch

Parietal lobe

What is the primary target area in the cortex for information regarding muscle stretch and joint receptors

Primary somatosensory cortex

The only area of the cerebral cortex known to receive input from all sensory modalities is the

Prefrontal cortex

What do the corpus callosum and anterior commissure have in common

They both connect the two hemispheres

Which statement is true about laminae in the cerebral cortex

the laminae vary in thickness in different areas

Neurons in the prefrontal cortex _____ the neurons in other cortical areas

Have more dendritic spines

Someone who suddenly loses the ability to identify objects by feeling them has probably suffered damage to what areas of the cerebral cortex

Parietal lobe

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most important for visual information

Occipital

Which load contributed most to the perception of movement and recognition of faces

Temporal lobe

Evoked potential's in the brain are most likely to be detected by

And EEG scan

How does the method of trans cranial magnetic stimulation of green areas differ from magnetic in activation

Brain activation result from mild brief magnetic stimulation

Which meant that is dependent upon injecting a radioactive chemical into the blood to measure blood flow

A PET scan

A stereotaxic instrument would most likely be used for

Placing an electrode in the brain

Which technique is dependent upon the release of oxygen from hemoglobin molecule

And FMR Scan

Thus far it appears that the brain feature most strongly correlated with IQ in humans is the

Amount of gray matter

Computerized axial tomography creates an image from

X-rays

Women on the average have a greater density of neurons in part of the brain _____

Temporal lobe

An electroencephalograph measures

The average activity of the cells in a given region of the brain