Chapter 4

Question 1

To determine the contributions of hereditary and environment researchers rely mainland studies of monozygotic and dizygotic twins

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Sex linked genes are usually found on the Y chromosome true or false

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Genes become more prevalent in a population if they contribute to reproductive success true or false

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In development neurotrophins ____. During adulthood they ____

Answer 4

Preserve neurons and increase neuronal branching

Question 5

Why is it that every Exxon in an adult mammal has a target sale muscle cell or other neurons with which it makes synaptic contact

Answer 5

Axons that failed to find a target cell die

Question 6

How much alcohol if any can a pregnant woman drink without worrying about the negative effects on her child

Answer 6

Unknown and therefore abstention is recommended

Question 7

The mechanism of fetal alcohol syndrome probably relates to

Answer 7

Apoptosis

Question 8

In response to the nervous system injury neurotrophins ____

Answer 8

Increase of regrowth of damaged axons

Question 9

Mylenation in the human brain

Answer 9

Continues well into the adult years

Question 10

Which of the following are selective as axons form synapses with target sells

Answer 10

Both

Question 11

The fluid filled cavity of the developing neural tube becomes the

Answer 11

Ventricular system

Question 12

Apoptosis

Answer 12

Programmed mechanism of cell death

Question 13

Early and development the nervous system begins as a

Answer 13

Tube surrounding a fluid filled cavity

Question 14

What is signaled by nerve growth factor

Answer 14

That a target sale has accepted an axon

Question 15

Migration requires

Answer 15

A precise chemical environment

Question 16

What is the process called my primitive neuron begins to develop dendrites and an axon

Answer 16

Differentiation

Question 17

An axon that does not receive enough neurotrophins from a target cell will

Answer 17

Degenerate and die

Question 18

Proliferation is the

Answer 18

Production of new cells

Question 19

After the migrating neuron reaches is Destination _____ begin to form

Answer 19

Dendrites

Question 20

The areas of the cortex used by expert video game players are most likely to _____ then the same cortical areas of those who do not play video games

Answer 20

Be thicker

Question 21

The formation of new synapses is called

Answer 21

Synaptogenesis

Question 22

Which of the following best describes the process by which developing axons find their general target areas

Answer 22

Chemical attraction

Question 23

Immature neurons experimentally transplanted from one part of the developing cortex to another

Answer 23

Develop the properties characteristic of their new location

Question 24

Alcohol suppresses the release of ___ the brains main excitatory transmitter

Answer 24

Glutamate

Question 25

Chemicals in the amphibian tectum guide the growth of axons from the retina to the correct location and the tectum by

Answer 25

Using a chemical gradient

Question 26

Roger Sperry cut a new optic nerve and rotated the guy axons from what used to be the dorsal part of the retina now located on the ventral side group back to the target areas

Answer 26

That ordinarily get input from the dorsal retina

Question 27

Brain cells that are neither neurons nor glia but which are capable of dividing and then differentiating into neurons or glia are called

Answer 27

Stem cells

Question 28

The function of neurotrophins is to

Answer 28

Promote survival of the axon

Question 29

Which of the following best characterizes have axons arrive at the correct target cells

Answer 29

They follow chemical gradient from the target cell

Question 30

Nerve growth factor is

Answer 30

Promotes the survival and growth of the axon

Question 31

_______ Steer new axonal branches and synapses in the right direction

Answer 31

Neurotrophins

Question 32

a cortical cell originally responded to stimulation of the middle finger. After amputation of that finger, it begins responding to the second and fourth fingers. Which action most likely accounts for this?

Answer 32

Synaptic reorganization

Question 33

the results of several studies of facial expression in people who were born blind suggest

Answer 33

no role of genetics but a major role of environment in the control of facial expression

Question 34

Myelination of the brain and spinal cord is complete by the time of birth. True or false

Answer 34

false

Question 35

Any estimate of the heritability of a particular trait is specific to

Answer 35

a given population

Question 36

After the migrating neuron reaches its destination _____ begin to form

Answer 36

dendrites

Question 37

The concept that neurons refine their many connections based on which ones are most successful is known as

Answer 37

neural Darwinism

Question 38

Units of heredity that maintain their structural identity from one generation to another are known as

Answer 38

genes

Question 39

On a given trait, high heritability suggests that

Answer 39

adopted children will closely resemble their biological parents

Question 40

which event is the most common cause of a stroke

Answer 40

ischemia from an obstruction of an artery

Question 41

the field of epigenetics deals with

Answer 41

experiences can turn genes on or off

Question 42

Group selection as an explanation for altruistic behavior would argue that

Answer 42

cooperative groups thrive better than do uncooperative groups

Question 43

Which statement best explains why males can grow breasts under certain hormonal conditions

Answer 43

Sex-limited genes become activated

Question 44

Sex-limited genes are found on

Answer 44

any chromosome

Question 45

which factor appears to be particularly important for branching of neurons during brain development?

Answer 45

physical activity

Question 46

Brain cells that are neither neurons nor glia, but which are capable of dividing and then differentiating into neurons or glia, are called ____.

Answer 46

stem cells

Question 47

Which of the following are selective as axons form synapses with target cells?

Answer 47

both axons and target cells

Question 48

After maturity, the apoptotic mechanisms become

Answer 48

dormant

Question 49

At later stages of the neuron's development, neurotrophins

Answer 49

increase the branching of axons

Question 50

The fluid-filled cavity within the neural tube becomes the central canal of the spinal cord and the four ventricles of the brain. True or false

Answer 50

true