CHAPTER 3: The Three Systems of Speech Production

Question 1

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Answer 1

The part of the speech production mechanism consisting of the lungs, rib cage, abdomen and associated muscles.

The respiratory system provides the major airstream of speech.

Question 2

LARYNGEAL SYSTEM

Answer 2

The system of speech sound production identified anatomically with the larynx and functionally with control of phonation and voicing.

Question 3

SUPRALARYNGEAL SYSTEM

Answer 3

The system of speech production consisting of the pharyngeal, oral, and nasal structures.

Question 4

EGRESSIVE

Answer 4

Associated with outflowing air; egressive sounds are formed from an outflowing airstream.

Question 5

INGRESSIVE

Answer 5

Associated with inflowing air; ingressive sounds are formed from an inflowing airstream.

Question 6

THORACIC CAVITY

Answer 6

The chest cavity, containing the lungs, heart, and other organs.

Question 7

BREATH GROUP

Answer 7

The sequence of syllables and/or words produced on a single breath.

Question 8

LARYNX

Answer 8

The “voice box” of speech.

A structure made up of cartilage, muscles, and other tissues located within the neck.

The larynx is located on top of the trachea and below the pharynx.

The larynx serves to valve the airstream from the lungs.

Question 9

TRACHEA

Answer 9

The “windpipe” that connects the lungs with the larynx, or “voice box.”

Question 10

VOCAL FOLDS

Answer 10

The paired cushions of muscle and other tissue that vibrate within the larynx to produce the sound of voicing.

Question 11

FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY OF THE VOICE

Answer 11

The basic rate of vibration of the vocal folds; fundamental frequency is the physical correlate of vocal pitch.

Symbolized as f₀

A high fundamental frequency is associated with a high pitched voice.

A low fundamental frequency is associated with a low pitched voice.

Question 12

HERTZ

Answer 12

The term that denotes one complete cycle of vibration.

Hertz, abbreviated Hz, is the unit of frequency measurement.

Question 13

INTONATION

Answer 13

The pattern of fundamental frequency and sound duration in speech.

Question 14

VELUM

Answer 14

The soft palate, especially its muscular portion.

The velum articulates to open or close the velopharynx.

Question 15

SOFT PALATE

Answer 15

The velum, or soft-tissue structure that articulates to open or close the velopharynx.

Question 16

ORAL RADIATION OF SOUND

Answer 16

Transmission of sound through the oral cavity (rather than through the nasal cavity).

Question 17

PHARYNGEAL CAVITY

Answer 17

The space between the division of the oral and pharyngeal cavities and the entrance to the larynx.

Its anterior boundary is the root of the tongue, and its posterior boundary is the pharyngeal wall.

Question 18

ORAL CAVITY

Answer 18

The space between the lips and the entrance to the pharynx.

Question 19

NASAL CAVITY

Answer 19

The space between the nares (nostrils) and the entrance into the pharynx.

Question 20

ARTICULATORS

Answer 20

An anatomic structure capable of movements that form the sounds of speech.

The primary articulators are the tongue, jaw, lips, and velopharynx.

Question 21

NASAL RADIATION OF SOUND

Answer 21

Transmission of sound through the nasal cavity (rather than through the oral cavity).

Question 22

VELOPHARYNGEAL PORT

Answer 22

The opening between the oropharynx and the nasal cavity, which can be closed to prevent the nasal transmission of sound.

Question 23

MANDIBLE

Answer 23

The lower jaw.

The bony structure that provides skeletal support for the tongue and lower lip.

Question 24

TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT

Answer 24

The hinge joint by which the jaw, or mandible, attaches to the temporal bone of the skull.

Question 25

BODY OF THE TONGUE

Answer 25

The mass or bulk of the tongue.

Question 26

TIP OF THE TONGUE

Answer 26

The forwardmost portion of the tongue, visible upon protrusion of the tongue from the mouth. The tip of the tongue is **used to produce a large number of sounds**, including the *th* consonant and the *t* consonant.

Question 27

BLADE OF THE TONGUE

Answer 27

The portion of the tongue that is located behind the tip and in front of the dorsum. The blade is the part of the tongue used to **produce the *sh* consonant**.

Question 28

DORSUM OF THE TONGUE

Answer 28

The portion of the tongue located between the root and the blade. The back of the tongue. The dorsum is the part of the tongue used to **produce the *g* consonant** (i.e. "go").

Question 29

ROOT OF THE TONGUE

Answer 29

The part of the tongue that reaches downward from the dorsum of the tongue to the epiglottis and larynx. The root does not actually make contacts or closures for English consonants, but it is important in shaping the vocal tract for vowel and consonant sounds.