Chapter 31, Fungi Flashcards
(57 cards)
How do fungi get their energy?
They are heterotrophs that gain energy by using enzymes to absorb energy from outside their bodies
What are the cell walls of fungi made of?
Chitin
What was the ancestor of fungi?
An aquatic, single-celled, flagellated protist
What are fungi’s closest relative?
Nucleariids
What is the closest relative of animals?
Choanoflagellates
What can we infer from the closest relatives of fungi and animals?
Multicellularity arose twice
Define yeasts
single cells of fungus, reproduce asexually by fission/budding
Define hyphae
filaments that make up the major part of fungus
Define mycelia
networks of branched hyphae adapted for absorption
Define coenocytic fungi
their hyphae lack septa and they have a continuous cytoplasmic mass with many nuclei
Define haustoria
specialized hyphae used to penetrate a host’s tissues
Define mycorrhizae
mutualistic relationships between fungi (give water and nitrate) and plant roots (nutrients and place to spread)
Define ectomycorrhizal fungi
hyphae are over the root and in the extracellular spaces
Define arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
hyphae are in the cells walls and in the extracellular spaces
Define mold
a fungi that produces haploid spores by mitosis and forms visible mycelia
Define sym genes
genes that are involved in mycorrhizal formation, present in the common ancestor to land plants
Describe fruticose lichen
shrublike
Describe foliose lichen
leaflike
Describe crustose lichen
encrusting lichen
Describe the general asexual life cycle of fungi
Mycelium-> spore producing structures-> spores-> germination-> mycelium
Describe the general sexual life cycle of fungi
Mycelium-> plasmogamy-> heterokaryotic stage-> karyogamy (2n)-> meiosis-> spore producing structures-> germination-> mycelium
Pair the condition (good/bad) with the reproductive style (sexual/asexual)
Good is asexual, bad is sexual
Describe plasmogamy
the cytoplasmic fusion of two different mating types
Describe the heterokaryotic stage. What does heterokaryon mean?
The stage between the fusion of the cytoplasm and the fusion of the nuclei. When two haploid nuclei of different types coexist in the mycelium.
