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Question 1

Name the four supergroups of eukaryotes

Answer 1

Excavata, “SAR” Clade, Archaeplastida, Unikonta

Question 2

What is the key characteristic of Excavata?

Answer 2

Cytoskeleton and excavated feeding groove

Question 3

What is the key characteristic of Diplomonads/Parabasalids?

Answer 3

Modified mitochondria

Question 4

What is the key characteristic of Euglenozoans?

Answer 4

Spiral or crystalline rod inside flagella

Question 5

What is the key characteristic of Stramenopiles?

Answer 5

Hairy and smooth flagella

Question 6

What is the key characteristic of Alveolates?

Answer 6

Membrane-enclosed sacs beneath plasma membrane

Question 7

What is the key characteristic of Rhizarians?

Answer 7

Amoebas with threadlike pseudopodia

Question 8

What is the key characteristic of Red algae?

Answer 8

Phycoerythrin

Question 9

What is the key characteristic of Green algae?

Answer 9

Plant-type chloroplasts

Question 10

What is the key characteristic of Amoebozoans?

Answer 10

Amoebas with lobe-shaped or tube-shaped pseudopodia

Question 11

What are some members of Opisthokonts?

Answer 11

Animals, Fungi, and several groups of protists

Question 12

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Giardia

Answer 12

Excavata, Diplomonads/Parabasalids

Parasite transmitted by feces in water

Question 13

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Dictoyostelium discoideum

Answer 13

Unikonta, Amoebozoans

A cellular slime mold used to study multicellularity

Question 14

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Paramecium

Answer 14

“SAR” Clade, Alveolates

Use cilia to feed and move, large and small nuclei, conjugation gives genetic variation

Question 15

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group for Nori

Answer 15

Archaeplastida, Red Algae

Question 16

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Globigerina

Answer 16

“SAR” Clade, rhizarians

Foram, has a porous, multi-chambered calcium carbonate shell called a test, through which pseudopodia extend

Question 17

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Kelp

Answer 17

“SAR” Clade, Stramenopiles

A type of brown algae that lives in the deep ocean and has a holdfast, a stipe, and blades

Question 18

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Trypanosoma

Answer 18

Excavata, Euglenozoans

A kintoplastid that causes sleeping sickness or Chaga’s disease. They evade immune responses by switching surface proteins.

Question 19

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Plasmodium

Answer 19

“SAR” Clade, Alveolates

A apicomplexan that causes malaria and requires both mosquitoes and humans for its life cycle. It is spread by sporozoites and its apex has special organelles for penetrating cells/tissues.

Question 20

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group for Ulva and Volvox

Answer 20

Archaeplastida, Green Algae

Question 21

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 21

Unikonta, Amoeboaoans

Causes amoebic dysentery

Question 22

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 22

Excavata, Diplomonads/Parabasalids

Causes yeast infections

Question 23

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Diatoms

Answer 23

“SAR” Clade, Stramenopiles

Unicellular algae with a silicon wall

Question 24

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Amoeba

Answer 24

Unikonta, Amoebozoans

Use pseudopodia and cytoplasmic streaming to create phagocytosis

Question 25

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Pfiesteria

Answer 25

"SAR" Clade, Alveolates A dinoflagellate that has two flagella, cellulose plates, and causes red tides

Question 26

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group for Euglena

Answer 26

Excavata, Euglenozoans

Question 27

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group for Phytophthora

Answer 27

"SAR" Clade, Stramenopiles

Question 28

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group for Laminaria

Answer 28

"SAR" Clade, Stramenopiles

Question 29

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group for Porphyra

Answer 29

Archaeplastida, Red Algae

Question 30

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group for Chlamydomonas

Answer 30

Archaeplastida, Green Algae

Question 31

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group for Nucleariids

Answer 31

Unikonta, Opisthokonts

Question 32

Give some examples of the ecological and human significance of protists

Answer 32

Symbionts, Parasites (humans, animals, plants), Producers, Food Chain

Question 33

Give some reasons why protists are a polyphyletic group

Answer 33

Many lineages, no common ancestor, very diverse

Question 34

Describe the life-cycle of Plasmodium

Answer 34

Sporozoites (mosquito) -> Merozoites (via liver) -> Gametocytes (via red blood cells) -> 2n Zygote (via mosquito/fertilization) -> Oocyst -> sporozoites

Question 35

Describe plasmodial slime molds

Answer 35

form mass called a plasmodium that is does not have plasma membranes, but instead has many diploid nuclei. They have pseudopodia and use phagocytosis.

Question 36

Describe cellular slime molds

Answer 36

feed individually but can aggregate to migrate/form a fruiting body

Question 37

What are the three types of weird cell walls? What organisms are they in?

Answer 37

Cellulose- dinoflagellates Silicon-Diatoms CaCO3-Forams

Question 38

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for pink or watermelon snow

Answer 38

Archaeplastida, green algae

Question 39

(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for "some are bioluminescent"

Answer 39

SAR clade, Alveolates