Ecdysozoa and Echinodermata

Question 1

Describe the symmetry and level of organization of nematoda

Answer 1

Bilateral, organ system level

Question 2

Describe the digestive system of nematoda, including complete/incomplete and type of coelom

Answer 2

Complete, pseudo

Question 3

What clades make up Ecdysozoa?

Answer 3

Nematoda and Arthropoda

Question 4

Describe the musculature and type of circulatory system of nematoda

Answer 4

Muscles are all longitudinal, contracting produces thrashing

lack circulatory systems

Question 5

What is the defining trait of Ecdysozoa?

Answer 5

All Ecdysozoans have a cuticle that is shed through ecdysis

Question 6

How is Trichinella spiralis spread?

Answer 6

undercooked pork

Question 7

How is hookworm spread?

Answer 7

leave dirt and enter feet

Question 8

How are pinworms spread?

Answer 8

through contact (eggs are swallowed), cause itching around anus (where the eggs are laid)

Question 9

How are horsetail worms spread?

Answer 9

cause the insects they infect to head to sources of water

Question 10

How are heartworms spread?

Answer 10

transmitted by mosquitoes and treated by arsenic

Question 11

Describe the digestive system of arthropoda. Include complete/incomplete and coelom type.

Answer 11

Complete with coelom

Question 12

Describe the symmetry and level of organization of arthropods.

Answer 12

Bilateral, organ system

Question 13

Describe the circulatory system of arthropds.

Answer 13

Open

Question 14

What innovations did the arthropods make?

Answer 14

Complex eyes, segmented bodies with jointed appendages

Question 15

What are the three clades in arthropoda?

Answer 15

Chelicerata, myriapoda, and pancrustacea

Question 16

What defines the chelicerata clade?

Answer 16

Chelicerae are clawlike feeding appendages

Question 17

What are some members of the chelicerata clade?

Answer 17

Sea spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites and spiders (and horseshoe crabs)

Question 18

Describe the use of horseshoe crabs in medicine

Answer 18

The blood of horseshoe crabs is collected for the amoebocytes, that detect endotoxins in medical applications

Question 19

What are the members of the myriapoda clade? What defines each one?

Answer 19

Millipedes- eat decaying leaves and plant matter, two pairs of legs per truck segment

Centipedes- carnivores, one pair of legs per truck segment, poison claws

Question 20

What are some members of the Pancrustacea clade?

Answer 20

Lobsters, crayfish, crabs, barnacles, and insects

and Daphnia

Question 21

What are Daphnia?

Answer 21

Daphnia are small planktonic crustaceans called water fleas

Question 22

Give three reasons why insects are so numerous and successful

Answer 22

Flight allows them to escape predators, find food, and disperse to new habitats

Evolved many types of appendages

Coevolved with flowering plants

Question 23

Describe incomplete metamorphosis

Answer 23

Incomplete metamorphosis: young (nymphs) resemble adults, but are smaller and go through a series of molts

Question 24

Describe complete metamorphosis

Answer 24

Complete metamorphosis: young go through larval stages that look entirely different from the adult stage

Question 25

Describe the symmetry and level of organization of echinodermata

Answer 25

Radial five-part symmetry as adults Organ system

Question 26

Describe the digestive system of echinodermata. Include complete/incomplete and type of coelom

Answer 26

Usually complete gut with coelom

Question 27

Describe the habitat and reproduction of echinodermata

Answer 27

All aquatic/marine Males and females usually separate, sexual reproduction is external

Question 28

Describe the skeleton and water vascular system of echinodermata

Answer 28

Epidermis covers endoskeleton of hard CaCO3 plates Water vascular system -> network of hydraulic canals branching into tube feet that function in locomotion and feeding

Question 29

What five groups make up echinodermata?

Answer 29

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, and Holothuroidea

Question 30

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one) Distinct central disk with radiating arms

Answer 30

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Crinoidea

Question 31

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one) Five rows of tube feet, no arms, have skeleton

Answer 31

Echinoidea

Question 32

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one) Lack spines, reduced endoskeleton, five rows of tube feet

Answer 32

Holothuroidea

Question 33

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? Sea Lilies and Feather Stars

Answer 33

Crinoidea

Question 34

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one) Feed on bivalves by prying with tube feed and externally digesting them

Answer 34

Asteroidea

Question 35

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one) Spines for protection and locomotion

Answer 35

Echinoidea

Question 36

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one) Can be suspension feeders or predators/savengers

Answer 36

Ophiuroidea

Question 37

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? Brittle Stars

Answer 37

Ophiuroidea

Question 38

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one) Graze with a jaw-like structure on their underside

Answer 38

Echinoidea

Question 39

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars

Answer 39

Echinoidea

Question 40

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one) Mainly suspension feeders

Answer 40

Crinoidea

Question 41

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one) Mainly scavengers and carnivores

Answer 41

Asteroidea

Question 42

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? Sea Stars and Sea Daisies

Answer 42

Asteroidea

Question 43

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one) Attach to substrate with stalk

Answer 43

Crinoidea

Question 44

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one) Filter through sand

Answer 44

Holothuroidea