Chapter 33,34 Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
Out of the 11 Major Phyla only 1 of them are not _______
that phyla is Porifera
A
Eumetazoa
2
Q
_______ (sponges) = only phyla that is in the Parazoa
A
Porifera
3
Q
1.Porifera
Common name: ______
A
Sponges
4
Q
1.Porifera - Body Plan
A
Loosely organized and lack tissues
5
Q
1.Porifera - Physiology
________ (endoderm) like spongocoel.
trap and eat small particles and plankton
A
Choanocytes
6
Q
1.Porifera - Asexual
Small fragment may ____ and form a new bud
A
Detach
7
Q
Deuterostome:
______ cleavage
cleavage is indeterminate pluripotent stem cells
Blastopore becomes _____
A
Radial
Anus
8
Q
Protostome:
______ cleavage
Cleavage determirate
Blastopore becomes _____
A
Spiral
Mouth
9
Q
2.______ (jellyfish) and ________ (comb jellies) = Radiata
A
Phyla Cnidaria and Ctenophora
10
Q
2.Cnidaria and Ctenophora - Body Plan:
A
Radial Symmerty
11
Q
2.Cnidaria and Ctenophora - Germ layers. Only 2 embryonic germ layers \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ connects layers First clad with true tissues
A
Ectoderm and Endoderm
Mesoglea
12
Q
_______ connects layers
A
Mesoglea
13
Q
2.Cnidaria and Ctenophora - Physiology
__________ _____ for extracellular digestion
allows ingestion of larger food particles
______ ____ ____ arranged in nerve net
no central control organ
A
Gastrovascular cavity
True nerve cell
14
Q
Platyhelminthes (flatworms) are among the first animals with active ______ lifestyles
A
Predatory lifestyle
15
Q
2.Cnidaria - Body Plan:
______ _____: tubular body with tentacles surrounding openings (mouth and anus)
A
Sessile Polyp
16
Q
2.Cnidaria - Body Plan:
_______ _____: umbrella-shaped body with a mouth surrounded by tentacles.
A
Motile Medusa
17
Q
2.Cnidaria - Physiology:
________(in tentacles) contain ________(stingers)
A
Cnidocytes contain nematocysts
18
Q
2.Ctenophora: Comb Jellies
Two long tentacles without ________ (stingers)
A
nematocysts
19
Q
2.Ctenophora - Physiology:
Glows from __________
Reproduction: sexual, ________
A
Bioluminescent
Hermaphroditic
20
Q
3.________ (Flatworms)
A
Platyhelminthes
21
Q
3.Platyhelminthes - Body Plan:
__________ symmertrical with a head
A
Bilaterally
22
Q
3.Platyhelminthes - Body Plan:
_______ - Lacking fluid-filled cavity
A
Acoelomate
23
Q
3.Platyhelminthes - Physiology:
Distinct excretory system with _________ and flame cells(removes waste)
A
Protonephridia (salt filter)
24
Q
3.Platyhelminthes - Physiology:
Light sensitive eyespots or _____
A
ocelli
25
3.Platyhelminthes 4 classes: (learning 2)
_________ - Tapeworms, Taeniasis, Parasitic
_________ - Flukes, parasitic
Cestoda
| Trematoda
26
Chines liver fluke _________ ______
Clonorchis sinensis
27
5._______ named for ciliated crown or corona
Rotifera
28
5.Rotifera - Body plan: ________ symmetry
| body cavity ______
Bilateral
| pseudocoelom
29
5.Rotifera - Physiology
Digestive tract with mouth and anus.
_______ - breaks the food by rubbing it down
Mastax
30
5.Rotifera - Physiology
| Protonephridia with Flame _____ or _____ (bulbs or cell)
Flame Bulbs
31
5.Rotifera - Reproduction
| is unique and does ____
Parthenogenesis
32
________
unfertilized diploid eggs developed into females
unfertilized haploid eggs developed into short lived males
Parthenogenesis
33
4.________ Common name: feeding tentacle or tube worm
Lophophorata
34
4.Lophophorata - Body Plan: ________
| body cavity: _______
Bilateral
| True Coelom
35
4.Lophophorata - Physiology
| All possess a ________. Ciliary feeding device that also functions in respiration
Lophophore
36
6.______ Soft body with, in many species, protective external shell.
Mollusca
37
6.Mollusca - body parts. 3
| _____, _____, and _____
Foot
Visceral mass
mantle
38
6.Mollusca - body type
| _____ confined to small area around heart. Open circulatory system
Coelom
39
6.Mollusca - Physiology: __________ (is a type of excretory gland)
Metanephridia
40
6.Mollusca - Physiology:
| _______ - unique tongue-like organ
Radula
41
```
6.Mollusca - Family
_______ - Chitons
_______ - Snails, slugs and nudibranchs
_______- Clams, mussels, oysters
_______- Octopuses, squids, and nautiluses
```
Polyplacophorans
Gastopods
Bivalves
Cephalopods
42
8.______. Rings are distinct segments separated by a septum
Annelida
43
8.Annelida - Body Plan:
| Segmentation has advantages
Segmentation has advantages
44
8.Annelida - Body type
| ______, acts as hydrostic skeleton and permits specialization.
Coelom
45
8.Annelida -Physiology: ______ _____ system.
| Circulatory system and coelomic fluid carries.
double transport system
46
8.Annelida -Physiology:
| ______ ______ complete and unsegmented. has a mouth all the way to the anus set.
Digestion system
47
8.Annelida - family
______- marine worms
______- Terrestrial and freshwater worms
Polychaeta
| Clittelata
48
(aka molting)
the process of shedding the old skin (in reptiles) or casting off the outer cuticle (in insects and other arthropods). (aka molting)
Ecdysis
49
7._____: round worms
Nematoda
50
7.Nematoda - Physiology
| Tough _____ cuticle covers bodys.
Collagen
51
Collagen is a _______ matrix. Exoskeleton or bones.
Protein
52
7.Nematoda - Physiology
| Complete digestive tract called a ____
Stylet
53
9.______:Perhaps most successful phylum 75%
| (¾) of all described living species
Arthropoda
54
9.Arthropoda - Body plan
| success related to body plan permits them to live in all ____ ____
major biomes
55
9.Arthropoda - Body plan: segmented
| _______- fused body segments
Tagmata
56
9.Arthropoda - Body plan:
| Compound eyes - _______
Ommatidia
57
9.Arthropoda - Physiology:
Exoskeleton made of _____ and protein.
Can be extremely tough or soft and flexible
Relatively impermeable to water
Chitin
58
9.Arthropoda - Physiology:
| Excretion: ________.
Metanephridia
59
9.Arthropoda - Classes/family:
_______-Extinct early, arthropods, bottom feeders.
_______-Arachnids. Spiders/Scorpions and ticks/mites.
_______-Insects
_______-Crabs, lobsters, barnacles and shrimp
Trilobita
Chelicerata
Hexapoda
Crustacea
60
10.__________-Sea stars, uchins ....
Echinodermata
61
10.Echinodermata - Body plan.
| Modifie _____ symmetry – 5 parts
radial
62
10.Echinodermata - Physiology:
| _________ absent. no brain
Cephalization
63
11._________-sea squirts, water filter feeders.
Chordata
64
11.Chordata - body plan:
________ – single flexible rod
Dorsal hollow nerve cord
Pharyngeal slits
Notochord
65
Craniates two defining characteristics compared to invertebrates chordates.
_______ : protective bony or cartilaginous housing for brain
_______ : embryonic cells that will disperse throughout the embryo contributing to the development of the skeleton, jaw, and teeth
Cranium
| Neural Crest
66
The cranium and every bone but the teeth are form by the ___derm
The teeth are formed by the ___derm
Ectoderm
| Endoderm
67
________ _____: notochord is replaced by a bony or cartilaginous column of interlocking vertebrae
Vertebral Column
68
___________ (cartilage or bone)
| Most also have two pairs of appendages
Endoskeleton
69
__________ ______: Liver , Kidneys, endocrine glands
Internal Organs
70
Liver is unique to ______
Vertebrates
71
Most fishes have how much chambers in their Heart?
2 chambers
72
1/9 _______:
Common name: Hagfish
Description: __less, __less, marine fish that lack vertebrae
Myxini
Jawless
Finless
73
1/9. Myxini
Physiology: _______ (a cartilaginous skeletal rod)
and cartilaginus skull
Essentially blind with keen sense of smell
Copious amount of slime
Notochord
74
2/9 ________:
Common name: Lampreys
Body plan: Lack hinged ___ and true appendfages
One of the earliest diverging group of vertebrates
Petromyzontida
| Jaw
75
________ = Jawless
Agnathan
76
________= Jawed verebrates
Gnathostomes
77
3/9 ________:
Common name: Cartilaginous Fish
Sharks, Skates, Rays
Chondriethyes
78
3/9. Chondriethyes
Heart is _# chambered: single circulation
_______ ____ - Pressure wave detection
2 chambered
| Lateral Line
79
Reproduction:
________: Lays Eggs
________: Egg retained in female, No placenta\
________: Egg develop in Uterus, placenta Nourishes young
(sharks have tried different kinds of reproduction)
Oviparous
Ovoviparous
Viviparous
80
```
4/9 ________:
Common name: Three Living Classes
4/9. Actinopterygii - Ray finned fish
5/9. Actinistia - Lung Fish
6/9. Dipnoi - Lungfish
```
Osterichthytes
81
4/9. Osterichthytes
1/3 (4/9) _______: Ray-finned fish
Includes all bony fish but Coelocanths and Lungfish
Fins supported by thin, bony, flexible rays
Actinopteygii
82
4/9. Osterichthytes
2/3 (5/9) _______: Coelacanths
Believed extinct untill 1938
Special joint in skill gives Powerful bite
Swim bladder filled with oil rather than gas
Actinistia
83
```
4/9. Osterichthytes
3/3 (6/9)_______: Lungfish
Live in oxygen-poor fresh water
Both gills and lungs
will drown if unable to breathe air
Muscular Lobe fins
```
Dipnoi
84
Three features differ from Chondricthyes (sharks, skates, rays) to Osterichthytes (Bony fish)
1) the Osterichthytes have a ____ skeleton
2) the Osterichthytes have ______ that covers gills
3) the Osterichthytes have a ___ ___ for buoyancy
Bony skeleton
Operculum
Swim bladder
85
Tetrapods: different from 1-4 and 5-9 classes
Transition to land meant adaptation to:
1) Prevent ______ (dryness or drying out)
2) For ______ and locomotion
3) Allows _______ on land possible
Prevent desiccation
Movement and locomotion
Reproduction on land possible
86
7/9. _______: the amphibians
successfully invaded land but must return to water to reproduce
Derived from the "lobe-finned fishes" (group largely extinct)
Amphibia
87
7/9. Amphibia
Physiology: _____ _____ to force air into lungs
Skin can absorb oxygen (______ _____)
How much chambers in their Heart? _#
Buccal pumping
Eutaneous respiration
3 chambered heart
88
7/9. Amphibia
Order ___
Frogs and Toads
Nearly 90% of amphibians
Anura
89
7/9. Amphibia
Order ___
Salamanders
Caudata
90
```
7/9. Amphibia
Order ___
Caecilians
Nearly blind, tropical burrowers
Legless
```
Gymnophiona
| Gymno = Naked
91
The Egg
| ______ have an amniotic egg: cannot dry out.
Amniotes
92
The Egg
4 extra-embryonic membranes
______: (innermost) protects embryo in amniotic cavity
______: (fats)
______: protein = nutrients
______: Disposal of wastes
______: (outermost) with allantois for gas exchange. (warps the embryo, fat, and waste together)
Amnion
Yolk Sac
Allantois
Chorion
93
3 living Amniotes
1) ____
2) ____
3) ____
Reptiles
bird
and
Mammals
94
8/9. _____ the reptiles
Truly terrestrial
First dinosaurs are more than need for metabolism to generate warmth
Reptilia
95
8/9. Reptilia
1/5. Class _______: turtles, tortoises and terrapins
virtually unchanged for 200 million years
Hard protective shell. Vertebrae and ribs fused with shield
Lack teeth but Sharp Beak
Testudines
96
8/9. Reptilia
2/5. Class _______: Lizards and snakes
Kinetic skill with extremely mobile joints
Lizards have move-able eyelids and external ears while snakes dont
Lepidosauria
97
8/9. Reptilia
3/5. Class _______: (sub-phylum archosaurians, with the dinosaurs)
Crocodiles and Alligaters
essentially unchanged for 200million years
Heart chambers _#
Crocodilia
| has 4 heart chambers
98
8/9. Reptilia
4/5. Dinosaurs (many classes)
1/2. Class _______ : bird-hipped Dino's
2/2. Class _______: lizard-hipped Dino's
Class Ornithischia
| Class Saurischia
99
```
8/9. Reptilia
3/5. Class _______: bird
______- modified scales to keep bird warm and keep the ability of flight
______- Very efficient breathing
______- single ovary, no urinary bladder
```
Class Aves
Feathers
Air Sacs
Reduction of organs
100
```
9/9 ______: the mammals
Mammary glands secrete _____
All mammals have (more or less) ___
Only vertebrates with specialized ___
_____: specialized transfer organ between fetus and mother
Lastly an enlarged ____
```
Mammalia
Milk
Hair
Teeth
Skull
101
Homeotic = Hox gene ______ development
Pattern development
