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Bio 116 > Chapter 33: Invertebrates > Flashcards

Chapter 33: Invertebrates Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

main subclades of bilateria

A

protostomes and deuterostomes

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2
Q

main groups of protosomes

A

lophotrochozoa and ecdysozoa

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3
Q

lophotrochozoa

A

molluscs, annelids, flatworms, ectoprocts, trachiopods

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4
Q

ecdysozoa

A

arthropods, nematodes

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5
Q

invertebrates

A

animals that lack a backbone, account for over 95% of known animal species; morphologically diverse

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6
Q

porifera

A

sponges; least complex animals with no true tissues. Sister group to all other animals

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7
Q

hermaphrodites

A

same individual makes sperm and eggs

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8
Q

sponge sexual reproduction

A

spawn sperm to water, captured in another’s water current, captured by choanocytes

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9
Q

ostia

A

small pores of sponge that lead to spongocoel

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10
Q

spongocoel

A

big open internal space in sponges

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11
Q

osculum

A

big top opening in sponges

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12
Q

choanocytes

A

spongocoel lined by flagellated collar cells

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13
Q

feeding method of sponges

A

suspension feeders; filter/capture food particles from the water, captured by choanocytes

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14
Q

mesohyl

A

separation between inner and outer layer of cells of sponges

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15
Q

spongin

A

like collagen, may make up a proteinaceous skeleton for sponges

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16
Q

amoebocytes

A

move food around in sponges

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17
Q

cnidaria

A

“fancy gastrula”; radially symmetrical diploblasts with a gastrovascular cavity

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18
Q

gastrovascular cavity

A

mouth but no anus

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19
Q

alternation of generations

A

alternation of sexual and asexual generations; different taxa emphasize different phases

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20
Q

medusa phase

A

mouth-down, swimming, sexual stage (cnidaria)

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21
Q

polyp phase

A

mouth-up, sedentary, asexual stage (cnidaria)

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22
Q

cnidocytes

A

stinging cells of cnidaria

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23
Q

nematocyst

A

stinging organelle of cnidarias

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24
Q

lack of mesoderm implications

A

no true muscles; weak, contractile cells

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25
hydrozoa, anthozoa, scyphozoa, cubozoa, staurozoa
diversity of cnidaria
26
bilateria
bilateral symmetry, have a head, triplobastic
27
protostomes
solid masses of mesoderm form, expand to filled blastocoel
28
deuterostomes
mesoderm buds of endoderm of archenteron
29
trochophore phylum
platyhelminthes: flatworms annelida: segmented worms mollusca: mollusks
30
lophophore phylum
ectoprocta: bryozoans brachiopoda: lamp shells
31
phylum neither lophophore nor trochophore
rotifera: rotifers "wheel animals"
32
platyhelminthes
free-living and parasitic flatworms
33
flatworms
long and flat acoelomates; mainly parasites. Gastrovascular cavity that serves for circulation
34
protonephridia
maintain osmotic balance in platyhelminthes with cells called flame bulbs
35
sexual reproduction of platyhelminthes
most hermaphrodites; also capable of asexual reproduction
36
turbellaria, monogenea, trematoda, cestoda
classes of flatworms
37
annelids
segmented coelomate worms
38
septa
divides coelomic spaces in annelids
39
segments
repeating parts with organs that make up annelids
40
sexual characteristic of annelids
some hermaphrodites, some gonochoristic (separate sexes)
41
polychaeta, oligochaeta, hirudinea
classes of annelids
42
polyplacophora, gastropoda, bivalvia, cephalopoda
classes of mollusca
43
shell (mollusca)
calcium carbonate exoskeleton; missing in some mollusca
44
mantle
dorsal epidermis of mollusca
45
radula
toothed tongue-like organ; used for feeding (except in bivalves) in mollusca
46
foot
used for crawling or burrowing of mollusca
47
visceral mass
concentrated organs of mollusca
48
mantle cavity
space under mantle, behind visceral mass of mollusca
49
sexual characteristics of mollusca
gonochoristic
50
phylum of lophotrochozoa
ectoprocta and brachiopods
51
lophophorates
have lophophora for suspension feeding; traditionally grouped with the other deuterostomes
52
ecdysozoa
all taxa molt their outer covering; grouped by molecular phylogenetics
53
ecdysozoa phylum
arthropoda and nematoda
54
exoskeleton
cover arthropods; provides points for muscle attachment
55
cuticle
nonliving, organic layer of arthropods made of protein and chitin that covers the epidermis
56
segmentation of arthropods
each segment has a pair of jointed appendages that are diversified for different functions
57
specialized structures for gas exchange (arthropods)
gills in aquatic taxa; book lungs or trachea in terrestrial taxa
58
ecdysis
molting of exoskeleton in arthropods to allow growth
59
sexual characteristics of arthropods
gonochoristic
60
chelicerata (arthropod)
arachnids, horseshoe crabs, sea spiders
61
myriapoda
centipedes and millipedes
62
pancrustacea
crustaceans, decapods, isopods, copepods, hexapoda
63
insects
most species on earth; dominate land
64
incomplete metamorphosis
undergo a series of molts as they grow; acquire wings and become sexually mature at the final molt
65
complete metamorphosis
have larval stages that look very different from the adult stage
66
nematodes
long, cylindrical and unsegmented worms; pseudocoelomates
67
deuterostomia
taxa with deuterostome development
68
deuterostomia phylum
echinodermata and chordata
69
echinoderms symmetry
quasi-radial symmetry; bilateral larvae
70
tube feet (echinoderms)
part of unique water vascular system that function in locomotion and feeding
71
sexual reproduction of echinoderms
asexual regeneration and sexual broadcast spawning reproduction
72
asteroidea, ophiuroidea, echinoidea, crinoidea, holothuroidea
classes of echinodermata
73
chordata
vertebrates and two groups of invertebrates (lancelets and tunicates); bilaterally symmetrical coelomates with segmented bodies

Bio 116 (24 decks)

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