Chapter 33: Invertebrates Flashcards Preview

Question 1

1

Introduction

Answer

Animals that lack backbone are called invertebrates
account for 95% of animal species

Question 2

2

Sponges

Answer

Belong to Phylum Porifera
Lack true tissues, organs
Suspension feeders
Hermaphrodites – Male/Female

Question 3

3

Cnidarians

Answer

Belong to Phylum Cnidaria
Clade Eumetazoa - True tissue
Diploblastic, radial symmetry
Two body plan
- 1. Polyp
- 2. Medusa

Question 4

4

2 Major Clades of Cnidarians

Answer

1. Medusozoa
- members produce a medusa
2. Anthozoa
- members only occur in polyps

Question 5

5

Medusozoans

Answer

Has 3 Groups:
1. Scyphozoans - true jellyfish
2. Cubazoans - box jellies
3. Hydrozoans - Hydra, Obelia

Question 6

6

Anthozoans

Answer

Include sea anemones, corals
hard exoskeleton of calcium carbonate

Question 7

7

Lophotrochozoa

Answer

Clade characterized by
- 1. Lophophore
- 2. Trochophore larva
Has six major phyla *

Question 8

8

Flatworms

Answer

Belong to Phylum Platyhelminthes
Include:
- 1. Planarians
- 2. Trematodes - flukes
- 3. Tapeworms

Question 9

9

Rotifers

Answer

Belong to Phylum Rotifera
Reproduce by parthenogenesis
- offspring from unfertilized eggs
Some species lack males entirely

Question 10

10

Lophophorates

Answer

Have crown of ciliated tentacles around mouth
Used in suspension feeding
Include phyla:
- 1. Ectoprocta - “moss animals”
- 2. Brachiopoda - “lamp shells”

Question 11

11

Molluscs

Answer

Belong to Phylum Mollusca
2nd largest animal phlya
Most have shell
Body w/ 3 main parts
- 1. Foot
- 2. Visceral mass
- 3. Mantle

Question 12

12

Molluscs cont...

Answer

Include clades
- 1. Polyplacophora - chitons
- 2. Gastropoda
- 3. Bivalvia
- 4. Cephalopoda

Question 13

13

Chitons

Answer

shell of eight dorsal plates

Question 14

14

Gastropods

Answer

Most have singled, spiral shell

Question 15

15

Bivalves

Answer

Shells in two halves, hinged

Question 16

16

Cephalopods

Answer

Have well developed sense organs, brains

Question 17

17

Annelids

Answer

Belong to Phylum Annelida
Are segmented worms
Groups include
- 1. Leeches
- 2. Earthworms

Question 18

18

Ecdysozoans

Answer

Clade characterized by shedding of cuticle
Process called ecdysis (molting)
Two major phyla
- 1. Nematoda
- 2. Arthropoda

Question 19

19

Nematodes

Answer

belong to Phylum Nematoda
called roundworms; many parasitic members

Question 20

20

Arthropods

Answer

Belong to Phylum Arthropoda
Probably 1 billion + species
Body characteristics
- 1. Segmented body
- 2. Hard exoskeleton
- 3. Jointed appendages

Question 21

21

Arthropod Anatomy

Answer

Three major lineages
- 1. Chelicerates
- 2. Myriapods
- 3. Pancrustaceans

Answer

Include spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, horse crabs
Named after feeding appendages (chelicerae)
- serve as pincers or fangs
Head lacks antennae

Answer

Bulk of chelicerates
Six pair of appendages
Spiders: construct silk webs

Answer

Include
- 1. Centipedes
  - carnivores
  - poisonous claws
- 2. Millipedes
  - feed on plant matter

Answer

Newly formed clade
Two groups
- 1. Crustaceans
- 2. Hexapods - insects

Answer

Include crabs, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles
Two pair of antennae

Answer

Over 900,000 species
Head, thorax, abdomen
Six legged - 3 pair
1 or 2 pairs of wings
Undergo metamorphosis

Answer

Shares embryological characteristics
Though primarily grouped by DNA
Two major groups
- 1. Echinoderms
- 2. Chordates

Answer

Belong to Phylum Echinodermata
Slow moving, sessile
Display radial symmetry as adults
Include sea stars, sea urchins

Question 22

22

Arthropods cont...

Question 23

23

Chelicerates

Question 24

24

Arachnids (group of chelicerates)

Question 25

25

Myriapods

Question 26

26

Pancrustaceans

Question 27

27

Crustaceans (pancrustaceans)

Question 28

28

Hexapods (pancrustaceans)

Question 29

29

Deuterostomia

Question 30

30

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Chapter 33: Invertebrates Flashcards Preview

Biology 2 > Chapter 33: Invertebrates > Flashcards

Introduction

Animals that lack backbone are called invertebrates account for 95% of animal species

Sponges

Belong to Phylum Porifera Lack true tissues, organs Suspension feeders Hermaphrodites – Male/Female

​Cnidarians

Belong to Phylum Cnidaria Clade Eumetazoa - True tissue Diploblastic, radial symmetry Two body plan 1. Polyp 2. Medusa

2 Major Clades of Cnidarians

1. Medusozoa members produce a medusa 2. Anthozoa members only occur in polyps

Medusozoans

Has 3 Groups: Scyphozoans - true jellyfish Cubazoans - box jellies Hydrozoans - Hydra, Obelia

Anthozoans

Include sea anemones, corals hard exoskeleton of calcium carbonate

Lophotrochozoa

Clade characterized by 1. Lophophore 2. Trochophore larva Has six major phyla *

Flatworms

Belong to Phylum Platyhelminthes Include: 1. Planarians 2. Trematodes - flukes 3. Tapeworms

Rotifers

Belong to Phylum Rotifera Reproduce by parthenogenesis offspring from unfertilized eggs Some species lack males entirely

Lophophorates

Have crown of ciliated tentacles around mouth Used in suspension feeding Include phyla: 1. Ectoprocta - “moss animals” 2. Brachiopoda - “lamp shells”

Molluscs

Belong to Phylum Mollusca 2nd largest animal phlya Most have shell Body w/ 3 main parts 1. Foot 2. Visceral mass 3. Mantle

Molluscs cont...

Include clades 1. Polyplacophora - chitons 2. Gastropoda 3. Bivalvia 4. Cephalopoda

Chitons

shell of eight dorsal plates

Gastropods

Most have singled, spiral shell

Bivalves

Shells in two halves, hinged

Cephalopods

Have well developed sense organs, brains

Annelids

Belong to Phylum Annelida Are segmented worms Groups include 1. Leeches 2. Earthworms

Ecdysozoans

Clade characterized by shedding of cuticle Process called ecdysis (molting) Two major phyla 1. Nematoda 2. Arthropoda

Nematodes

belong to Phylum Nematoda called roundworms; many parasitic members

​Arthropods

Belong to Phylum Arthropoda Probably 1 billion + species Body characteristics 1. Segmented body 2. Hard exoskeleton 3. Jointed appendages

Arthropod Anatomy

Arthropods cont...

Three major lineages 1. Chelicerates 2. Myriapods 3. Pancrustaceans

Chelicerates

Include spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, horse crabs Named after feeding appendages (chelicerae) serve as pincers or fangs Head lacks antennae

Arachnids (group of chelicerates)

Bulk of chelicerates Six pair of appendages Spiders: construct silk webs

Myriapods

Include 1. Centipedes carnivores poisonous claws 2. Millipedes feed on plant matter

Pancrustaceans

Newly formed clade Two groups 1. Crustaceans 2. Hexapods - insects

Crustaceans (pancrustaceans)

Include crabs, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles Two pair of antennae

Hexapods (pancrustaceans)

Over 900,000 species Head, thorax, abdomen Six legged - 3 pair 1 or 2 pairs of wings Undergo metamorphosis

Deuterostomia

Shares embryological characteristics Though primarily grouped by DNA Two major groups 1. Echinoderms 2. Chordates

Echinoderms

Belong to Phylum Echinodermata Slow moving, sessile Display radial symmetry as adults Include sea stars, sea urchins

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Animals that lack backbone are called invertebrates

account for 95% of animal species

Belong to Phylum Porifera

Lack true tissues, organs

Suspension feeders

Hermaphrodites – Male/Female

Cnidarians

Belong to Phylum Cnidaria

Clade Eumetazoa - True tissue

Diploblastic, radial symmetry

Two body plan

1. Polyp

2. Medusa

1. Medusozoa

members produce a medusa

2. Anthozoa

members only occur in polyps

Has 3 Groups:

Scyphozoans - true jellyfish

Cubazoans - box jellies

Hydrozoans - Hydra, Obelia

Include sea anemones, corals

hard exoskeleton of calcium carbonate

Clade characterized by

1. Lophophore

2. Trochophore larva

Has six major phyla *

Belong to Phylum Platyhelminthes

Include:

1. Planarians

2. Trematodes - flukes

3. Tapeworms

Belong to Phylum Rotifera

Reproduce by parthenogenesis

offspring from unfertilized eggs

Some species lack males entirely

Have crown of ciliated tentacles around mouth

Used in suspension feeding

Include phyla:

1. Ectoprocta - “moss animals”

2. Brachiopoda - “lamp shells”

Belong to Phylum Mollusca

2nd largest animal phlya

Most have shell

Body w/ 3 main parts

1. Foot

2. Visceral mass

3. Mantle

Include clades

1. Polyplacophora - chitons

2. Gastropoda

3. Bivalvia

4. Cephalopoda

Belong to Phylum Annelida

Are segmented worms

Groups include

1. Leeches

2. Earthworms

Clade characterized by shedding of cuticle

Process called ecdysis (molting)

Two major phyla

1. Nematoda

2. Arthropoda

belong to Phylum Nematoda

called roundworms; many parasitic members

Arthropods

Belong to Phylum Arthropoda

Probably 1 billion + species

Body characteristics

1. Segmented body

2. Hard exoskeleton

3. Jointed appendages

Three major lineages

1. Chelicerates

2. Myriapods

3. Pancrustaceans

Include spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, horse crabs

Named after feeding appendages (chelicerae)

serve as pincers or fangs

Head lacks antennae

Bulk of chelicerates

Six pair of appendages

Spiders: construct silk webs

Include

1. Centipedes

carnivores

poisonous claws

2. Millipedes

feed on plant matter

Newly formed clade

Two groups

1. Crustaceans

2. Hexapods - insects

Include crabs, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles

Two pair of antennae

Over 900,000 species

Head, thorax, abdomen

Six legged - 3 pair

1 or 2 pairs of wings

Undergo metamorphosis

Shares embryological characteristics

Though primarily grouped by DNA

Two major groups

1. Echinoderms

2. Chordates

Belong to Phylum Echinodermata

Slow moving, sessile

Display radial symmetry as adults

Include sea stars, sea urchins