Flashcards in Chapter 35: Plant Form and Function Deck (19)
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1
Plant Systems
- Draw resources from two different environments
- Two basic types:
-
Shoot System - above ground
-
Root System - below ground
- Shoot System - above ground
- Root System - below ground

2
Plant Organs
- Make up systems
- Three types:
-
Leaf - shoot
-
Stem - shoot
- Roots
- Leaf - shoot
- Stem - shoot
- Roots
3
Roots
- Functions in anchorage, absorption and storage
- Two systems:
- Taproot
- Fibrous
- Taproot
- Fibrous
4
Taproot
- Has a main vertical root
- Many branch roots
- Deep penetration
- Generally found in gymnosperms

5
Fibrous Root
- Many are adventitious - emerge from stem, leafs
- Thin roots
- Spread out shallow soils
- Generally found in monocots

6
Root Adaptations (picture)

7
Stems
- Raises the leaf to sunlight
- Composed
-
Nodes - point of leaf attachment
-
Internodes - segments b/w nodes
-
Axillary Bud - can form branches
-
Apical Bud - vertical growth
- Nodes - point of leaf attachment
- Internodes - segments b/w nodes

8
Leaf
- Is the main photosynthetic organ
- Composed of:
- blade
- petiole
- Vein and leaf morphology used for identification
- blade
- petiole

9
Leaf Shape Variation


10
Tissue Systems
- Plants organs made of tissue
- Tissue Systems:
- Dermal
- Vascular
- Ground
- Dermal
- Vascular
- Ground

11
Dermal Tissue

- Form the outer covering, first line of defense
- Modified by organ
-
Leaf/Stem: covered by cuticle
- prevents waters loss
-
Root: extension called root hairs
- aid in absorption
-
Leaf/Stem: covered by cuticle
- prevents waters loss
-
Root: extension called root hairs
- aid in absorption

12
Vascular Tissue
- Carries out long distance transport
- Two types
-
Xylem - conducts water, minerals
-
Phloem - transports sugars
- Arrangement of vascular tissues varies by organ
- Xylem - conducts water, minerals
- Phloem - transports sugars
13
Ground Tissue
- Functions in storage, photosynthesis, support
- Arrangement varies
-
Cortex - outside the vascular tissue
-
Pith - internal to vascular tissue
- Cortex - outside the vascular tissue
- Pith - internal to vascular tissue

14
Plant Cells
- Many Specialized in structure and function
- Common types
- Parenchyma
- Collenchyma
- Sclerenchyma
- Xylem
- Phloem
- Parenchyma
- Collenchyma
- Sclerenchyma
- Xylem
- Phloem
15
Parenchyma
- most abundant type, thin primary cell walls
- functions include photosynthesis and storage

16
Collenchyma
- Have unevenly thickened primary cell walls
- Function include flexible support

17
Sclerenchyma
- Thick secondary cell walls
- Function include rigid support
- Two types:
-
Sclereids - boxier, irregular shape
-
Fiber cells - grouped, long strands
- Sclereids - boxier, irregular shape
- Fiber cells - grouped, long strands

18
Vascular Tissue: Xylem
- Conducts water and minerals
- Two types of cells
-
Tracheids - long, tapered
-
Vessel elements - short, wider
- Have thick secondary walls, becomes wood
- Tracheids - long, tapered
- Vessel elements - short, wider

19
Vascular Tissue - Phloem
- Transports sugars
- Two types of cells:
-
Sieve tube elements - chain of cells
- internally reduced, lack nucleus
-
Companion cells - non-conducting cells
- share nucleus
-
Sieve tube elements - chain of cells
- internally reduced, lack nucleus
-
Companion cells - non-conducting cells
- share nucleus
