Chapter 35: Plant Form and Function Flashcards Preview

Question 1

1

Plant Systems

Answer

Draw resources from two different environments
Two basic types:
- Shoot System - above ground
- Root System - below ground

Question 2

2

Plant Organs

Answer

Make up systems
Three types:
1. Leaf - shoot
2. Stem - shoot
3. Roots

Question 3

3

Roots

Answer

Functions in anchorage, absorption and storage
Two systems:
1. Taproot
2. Fibrous

Question 4

4

Taproot

Answer

Has a main vertical root
Many branch roots
Deep penetration
Generally found in gymnosperms

Question 5

5

Fibrous Root

Answer

Many are adventitious - emerge from stem, leafs
Thin roots
Spread out shallow soils
Generally found in monocots

Question 6

6

Root Adaptations (picture)

Answer

Raises the leaf to sunlight
Composed
- Nodes - point of leaf attachment
- Internodes - segments b/w nodes
Axillary Bud - can form branches
Apical Bud - vertical growth

Answer

Is the main photosynthetic organ
Composed of:
- blade
- petiole
Vein and leaf morphology used for identification

Answer

Plants organs made of tissue
Tissue Systems:
- Dermal
- Vascular
- Ground

Answer

Form the outer covering, first line of defense
Modified by organ
1. Leaf/Stem: covered by cuticle
  - prevents waters loss
2. Root: extension called root hairs
  - aid in absorption

Answer

Carries out long distance transport
Two types
1. Xylem - conducts water, minerals
2. Phloem - transports sugars
Arrangement of vascular tissues varies by organ

Answer

Functions in storage, photosynthesis, support
Arrangement varies
1. Cortex - outside the vascular tissue
2. Pith - internal to vascular tissue

Answer

Many Specialized in structure and function
Common types
1. Parenchyma
2. Collenchyma
3. Sclerenchyma
4. Xylem
5. Phloem

Answer

most abundant type, thin primary cell walls
functions include photosynthesis and storage

Answer

Have unevenly thickened primary cell walls
Function include flexible support

Answer

Thick secondary cell walls
Function include rigid support
Two types:
1. Sclereids - boxier, irregular shape
2. Fiber cells - grouped, long strands

Answer

Conducts water and minerals
Two types of cells
1. Tracheids - long, tapered
2. Vessel elements - short, wider
Have thick secondary walls, becomes wood

Answer

Transports sugars
Two types of cells:
1. Sieve tube elements - chain of cells
  - internally reduced, lack nucleus
2. Companion cells - non-conducting cells
  - share nucleus

Question 7

7

Stems

Question 8

8

Leaf

Question 9

9

Leaf Shape Variation

Question 10

10

Tissue Systems

Question 11

11

Dermal Tissue

Question 12

12

Vascular Tissue

Question 13

13

Ground Tissue

Question 14

14

Plant Cells

Question 15

15

Parenchyma

Question 16

16

Collenchyma

Question 17

17

Sclerenchyma

Question 18

18

Vascular Tissue: Xylem

Question 19

19

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Chapter 35: Plant Form and Function Flashcards Preview

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Plant Systems

Draw resources from two different environments Two basic types: Shoot System - above ground Root System - below ground

Plant Organs

Make up systems Three types: Leaf - shoot Stem - shoot Roots

​Roots

Functions in anchorage, absorption and storage Two systems: Taproot Fibrous

Taproot

Has a main vertical root Many branch roots Deep penetration Generally found in gymnosperms

Fibrous Root

Many are adventitious - emerge from stem, leafs Thin roots Spread out shallow soils Generally found in monocots

Root Adaptations (picture)

Stems

Raises the leaf to sunlight Composed Nodes - point of leaf attachment Internodes - segments b/w nodes Axillary Bud - can form branches Apical Bud - vertical growth

Leaf

Is the main photosynthetic organ Composed of: blade petiole Vein and leaf morphology used for identification

Leaf Shape Variation

Tissue Systems

Plants organs made of tissue Tissue Systems: Dermal Vascular Ground

Dermal Tissue

Form the outer covering, first line of defense Modified by organ Leaf/Stem: covered by cuticle prevents waters loss Root: extension called root hairs aid in absorption

Vascular Tissue

Carries out long distance transport Two types Xylem - conducts water, minerals Phloem - transports sugars Arrangement of vascular tissues varies by organ

Ground Tissue

Functions in storage, photosynthesis, support Arrangement varies Cortex - outside the vascular tissue Pith - internal to vascular tissue

​Plant Cells

Many Specialized in structure and function Common types Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma Xylem Phloem

Parenchyma

most abundant type, thin primary cell walls functions include photosynthesis and storage

Collenchyma

Have unevenly thickened primary cell walls Function include flexible support

Sclerenchyma

Thick secondary cell walls Function include rigid support Two types: Sclereids - boxier, irregular shape Fiber cells - grouped, long strands

Vascular Tissue: Xylem

Conducts water and minerals Two types of cells Tracheids - long, tapered Vessel elements - short, wider Have thick secondary walls, becomes wood

Vascular Tissue - Phloem

Transports sugars Two types of cells: Sieve tube elements - chain of cells internally reduced, lack nucleus Companion cells - non-conducting cells share nucleus

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Draw resources from two different environments

Two basic types:

Shoot System - above ground

Root System - below ground

Make up systems

Three types:

Leaf - shoot

Stem - shoot

Roots

Roots

Functions in anchorage, absorption and storage

Two systems:

Taproot

Fibrous

Has a main vertical root

Many branch roots

Deep penetration

Generally found in gymnosperms

Many are adventitious - emerge from stem, leafs

Thin roots

Spread out shallow soils

Generally found in monocots

Raises the leaf to sunlight

Composed

Nodes - point of leaf attachment

Internodes - segments b/w nodes

Axillary Bud - can form branches

Apical Bud - vertical growth

Is the main photosynthetic organ

Composed of:

blade

petiole

Vein and leaf morphology used for identification

Plants organs made of tissue

Tissue Systems:

Dermal

Vascular

Ground

Form the outer covering, first line of defense

Modified by organ

Leaf/Stem: covered by cuticle

prevents waters loss

Root: extension called root hairs

aid in absorption

Carries out long distance transport

Two types

Xylem - conducts water, minerals

Phloem - transports sugars

Arrangement of vascular tissues varies by organ

Functions in storage, photosynthesis, support

Arrangement varies

Cortex - outside the vascular tissue

Pith - internal to vascular tissue

Plant Cells

Many Specialized in structure and function

Common types

Parenchyma

Collenchyma

Sclerenchyma

Xylem

Phloem

most abundant type, thin primary cell walls

functions include photosynthesis and storage

Have unevenly thickened primary cell walls

Function include flexible support

Thick secondary cell walls

Function include rigid support

Two types:

Sclereids - boxier, irregular shape

Fiber cells - grouped, long strands

Conducts water and minerals

Two types of cells

Tracheids - long, tapered

Vessel elements - short, wider

Have thick secondary walls, becomes wood

Transports sugars

Two types of cells:

Sieve tube elements - chain of cells

internally reduced, lack nucleus

Companion cells - non-conducting cells

share nucleus