Chapter 34: Vertebrates Flashcards Preview

Question 1

1

Chordates

Answer

composed of invertebrates, vertebrate group

Question 2

2

Derived Characters

Answer

1. Notochord
2. Dorsal, hollow nerve chord
3. Pharyngeal slits
4. Post anal tail

Question 3

3

Chordate Characteristics

Answer

Belong to Subphylum Cephalochordata
Basal chordates
Lance shaped body
Suspension feeders

Answer

Belong to Subphylum Urochordata
Also called “sea squirts”
Suspension feeders
Lose many chordate characters as adults

Answer

are chordates with a backbone
All members also known as craniates

Answer

are a clade of living, jawless vertebrates
Called the “round mouths”
Include
- 1. Hagfish
- 2. Lampreys

Answer

Bottom dwelling, scavengers
Can produce slime, used for defense

Answer

are filter feeders as larva
Become parasites as adults

Answer

are a clade of jawed vertebrates

Answer

a clade of cartilaginous fish
Have an endoskeleton made of cartilage
Include
- 1. Sharks
- 2. Rays
- 3. Ratfishes

Answer

a clade of “bony fish”… misleading
Have an ossified endoskeleton
Include
- 1. Ray finned fish
- 2. Lobe fins

Answer

Show the greatest vertebrate diversity
Have fins made of bony rays

Answer

Fins made of rod shaped bones
Bones surrounded by thick muscles
Three lineages
- 1. Coelacanths
- 2. Lungfishes
- 3. Tetrapods

Answer

are gnathastomes that have limbs with digits
Include groups
- 1. Amphibians
- 2. Amniotes

Answer

“both ways of life”
Poorly developed lungs, cutaneous respiration
Three major groups
- 1. Salamanders - tails
- 2. Frogs - lack tails
- 3. Caecilians - legless

Answer

have a terrestrially adapted egg
Living members
- 1. Reptiles
- 2. Mammals

Answer

Major character is the amniotic egg
Others include
- 2. Egg shell
- 3. Rib cage - increases lung ventilation

Answer

a clade that includes the tuataras, lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodilians, birds and dinosaurs
Have scales, create waterproof barrier
Shelled eggs, laid on land
Mostly ectothermic, absorbing external heat

Answer

Descended from bipedal, theropod dinosaurs
Feathers evolved long before flight
Early functions
- 1. insulation
- 2. camouflage
- 3. courtship
Archaeopteryx
- considered an early bird

Answer

are amniotes that produce milk; have hair
Three groups
- 1. Monotremes
- 2. Marsupials
- 3. Eutherians (Placental)

Answer

are egg laying mammals
Lack nipples
Include:
- 1. Platypus
- 2. Echidna

Answer

have live births; nipples
Embryo connected to mother by placenta
Born early, complete development while nursing in pouch called marsupium
Members include opossum, kangaroo, koala

Answer

Commonly called placental mammals
Live birth, nipples
Have complex placenta
Young complete development in uterus

Question 4

4

Lancelets

Question 5

5

Tunicates

Question 6

6

Vertebrates

Question 7

7

Cyclostomes

Question 8

8

Hagfish

Question 9

9

Lampreys

Question 10

10

Gnathostomes

Question 11

11

Chondricthyes

Question 12

12

Osteichthyes

Question 13

13

Ray Finned Fish

Question 14

14

Lobe-Fins

Question 15

15

Tetrapods

Question 16

16

Tiktaalik fossil

Question 17

17

Amphibians

Question 18

18

Amniotes

Question 19

19

Derived traits of Amniotes

Question 20

20

Reptiles

Question 21

21

Origins of Bird

Question 22

22

Mammals

Question 23

23

Monotremes

Question 24

24

Marsupials

Question 25

25

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Chapter 34: Vertebrates Flashcards Preview

Biology 2 > Chapter 34: Vertebrates > Flashcards

Chordates

composed of invertebrates, vertebrate group

Derived Characters

1. Notochord 2. Dorsal, hollow nerve chord 3. Pharyngeal slits 4. Post anal tail

Chordate Characteristics

Lancelets

Belong to Subphylum Cephalochordata Basal chordates Lance shaped body Suspension feeders

Tunicates

Belong to Subphylum Urochordata Also called “sea squirts” Suspension feeders Lose many chordate characters as adults

​Vertebrates

are chordates with a backbone All members also known as craniates

Cyclostomes

are a clade of living, jawless vertebrates Called the “round mouths” Include 1. Hagfish 2. Lampreys

Hagfish

Bottom dwelling, scavengers Can produce slime, used for defense

Lampreys

are filter feeders as larva Become parasites as adults

Gnathostomes

are a clade of jawed vertebrates

Chondricthyes

a clade of cartilaginous fish Have an endoskeleton made of cartilage Include 1. Sharks 2. Rays 3. Ratfishes

Osteichthyes

a clade of “bony fish”… misleading Have an ossified endoskeleton Include 1. Ray finned fish 2. Lobe fins

Ray Finned Fish

Show the greatest vertebrate diversity Have fins made of bony rays

Lobe-Fins

Fins made of rod shaped bones Bones surrounded by thick muscles Three lineages 1. Coelacanths 2. Lungfishes 3. Tetrapods

Tetrapods

are gnathastomes that have limbs with digits Include groups 1. Amphibians 2. Amniotes

Tiktaalik fossil

Amphibians

“both ways of life” Poorly developed lungs, cutaneous respiration Three major groups 1. Salamanders - tails 2. Frogs - lack tails 3. Caecilians - legless

Amniotes

have a terrestrially adapted egg Living members 1. Reptiles 2. Mammals

Derived traits of Amniotes

Major character is the amniotic egg Others include 2. Egg shell 3. Rib cage - increases lung ventilation

Reptiles

a clade that includes the tuataras, lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodilians, birds and dinosaurs Have scales, create waterproof barrier Shelled eggs, laid on land Mostly ectothermic, absorbing external heat

Origins of Bird

Descended from bipedal, theropod dinosaurs Feathers evolved long before flight Early functions 1. insulation 2. camouflage 3. courtship Archaeopteryx ​​considered an early bird

Mammals

are amniotes that produce milk; have hair Three groups 1. Monotremes 2. Marsupials 3. Eutherians (Placental)

Monotremes

are egg laying mammals Lack nipples Include: 1. Platypus 2. Echidna

Marsupials

have live births; nipples Embryo connected to mother by placenta Born early, complete development while nursing in pouch called marsupium Members include opossum, kangaroo, koala

Eutherians

Commonly called placental mammals Live birth, nipples Have complex placenta Young complete development in uterus

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1. Notochord

2. Dorsal, hollow nerve chord

3. Pharyngeal slits

4. Post anal tail

Belong to Subphylum Cephalochordata

Basal chordates

Lance shaped body

Suspension feeders

Belong to Subphylum Urochordata

Also called “sea squirts”

Suspension feeders

Lose many chordate characters as adults

Vertebrates

are chordates with a backbone

All members also known as craniates

are a clade of living, jawless vertebrates

Called the “round mouths”

Include

1. Hagfish

2. Lampreys

Bottom dwelling, scavengers

Can produce slime, used for defense

are filter feeders as larva

Become parasites as adults

a clade of cartilaginous fish

Have an endoskeleton made of cartilage

Include

1. Sharks

2. Rays

3. Ratfishes

a clade of “bony fish”… misleading

Have an ossified endoskeleton

Include

1. Ray finned fish

2. Lobe fins

Show the greatest vertebrate diversity

Have fins made of bony rays

Fins made of rod shaped bones

Bones surrounded by thick muscles

Three lineages

1. Coelacanths

2. Lungfishes

3. Tetrapods

are gnathastomes that have limbs with digits

Include groups

1. Amphibians

2. Amniotes

“both ways of life”

Poorly developed lungs, cutaneous respiration

Three major groups

1. Salamanders - tails

2. Frogs - lack tails

3. Caecilians - legless

have a terrestrially adapted egg

Living members

1. Reptiles

2. Mammals

Major character is the amniotic egg

Others include

2. Egg shell

3. Rib cage - increases lung ventilation

a clade that includes the tuataras, lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodilians, birds and dinosaurs

Have scales, create waterproof barrier

Shelled eggs, laid on land

Mostly ectothermic, absorbing external heat

Descended from bipedal, theropod dinosaurs

Feathers evolved long before flight

Early functions

1. insulation

2. camouflage

3. courtship

Archaeopteryx

considered an early bird

are amniotes that produce milk; have hair

Three groups

1. Monotremes

2. Marsupials

3. Eutherians (Placental)

are egg laying mammals

Lack nipples

Include:

1. Platypus

2. Echidna

have live births; nipples

Embryo connected to mother by placenta

Born early, complete development while nursing in pouch called marsupium

Members include opossum, kangaroo, koala

Commonly called placental mammals

Live birth, nipples

Have complex placenta

Young complete development in uterus