Flashcards in Chapter 34: Vertebrates Deck (25)
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1
Chordates
- composed of invertebrates, vertebrate group
2
Derived Characters
- 1. Notochord
- 2. Dorsal, hollow nerve chord
- 3. Pharyngeal slits
- 4. Post anal tail
3
Chordate Characteristics
4
Lancelets
- Belong to Subphylum Cephalochordata
- Basal chordates
- Lance shaped body
- Suspension feeders
5
Tunicates
- Belong to Subphylum Urochordata
- Also called “sea squirts”
- Suspension feeders
- Lose many chordate characters as adults
6
Vertebrates
- are chordates with a backbone
- All members also known as craniates
7
Cyclostomes
- are a clade of living, jawless vertebrates
- Called the “round mouths”
- Include
- 1. Hagfish
- 2. Lampreys
- 1. Hagfish
- 2. Lampreys
8
Hagfish
- Bottom dwelling, scavengers
- Can produce slime, used for defense
9
Lampreys
- are filter feeders as larva
- Become parasites as adults
10
Gnathostomes
- are a clade of jawed vertebrates
11
Chondricthyes
- a clade of cartilaginous fish
- Have an endoskeleton made of cartilage
- Include
- 1. Sharks
- 2. Rays
- 3. Ratfishes
- 1. Sharks
- 2. Rays
- 3. Ratfishes
12
Osteichthyes
- a clade of “bony fish”… misleading
- Have an ossified endoskeleton
- Include
- 1. Ray finned fish
- 2. Lobe fins
- 1. Ray finned fish
- 2. Lobe fins
13
Ray Finned Fish
- Show the greatest vertebrate diversity
- Have fins made of bony rays
14
Lobe-Fins
- Fins made of rod shaped bones
- Bones surrounded by thick muscles
- Three lineages
- 1. Coelacanths
- 2. Lungfishes
- 3. Tetrapods
- 1. Coelacanths
- 2. Lungfishes
- 3. Tetrapods
15
Tetrapods
- are gnathastomes that have limbs with digits
- Include groups
- 1. Amphibians
- 2. Amniotes
- 1. Amphibians
- 2. Amniotes
16
Tiktaalik fossil
17
Amphibians
- “both ways of life”
- Poorly developed lungs, cutaneous respiration
- Three major groups
- 1. Salamanders - tails
- 2. Frogs - lack tails
- 3. Caecilians - legless
- 1. Salamanders - tails
- 2. Frogs - lack tails
- 3. Caecilians - legless
18
Amniotes
- have a terrestrially adapted egg
- Living members
- 1. Reptiles
- 2. Mammals
- 1. Reptiles
- 2. Mammals
19
Derived traits of Amniotes
- Major character is the amniotic egg
- Others include
- 2. Egg shell
- 3. Rib cage - increases lung ventilation
- 2. Egg shell
- 3. Rib cage - increases lung ventilation
20
Reptiles
- a clade that includes the tuataras, lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodilians, birds and dinosaurs
- Have scales, create waterproof barrier
- Shelled eggs, laid on land
- Mostly ectothermic, absorbing external heat
21
Origins of Bird
- Descended from bipedal, theropod dinosaurs
- Feathers evolved long before flight
- Early functions
- 1. insulation
- 2. camouflage
- 3. courtship
-
Archaeopteryx
-
considered an early bird
- 1. insulation
- 2. camouflage
- 3. courtship
- considered an early bird
22
Mammals
- are amniotes that produce milk; have hair
- Three groups
- 1. Monotremes
- 2. Marsupials
- 3. Eutherians (Placental)
- 1. Monotremes
- 2. Marsupials
- 3. Eutherians (Placental)
23
Monotremes
- are egg laying mammals
- Lack nipples
- Include:
- 1. Platypus
- 2. Echidna
- 1. Platypus
- 2. Echidna
24
Marsupials
- have live births; nipples
- Embryo connected to mother by placenta
- Born early, complete development while nursing in pouch called marsupium
- Members include opossum, kangaroo, koala
25
Eutherians
- Commonly called placental mammals
- Live birth, nipples
- Have complex placenta
- Young complete development in uterus
