Chapter 4

Question 1

acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behavior, forms values, creates attitudes, influences behavior

Answer 1

culture

Question 2

top managers make all important organizational decisions

Answer 2

centralized

Question 3

decisions are diffused throughout the enterprise

Answer 3

decentralized

Question 4

people identify very strongly with their organization or employer

Answer 4

high loyalty

Question 5

people identify with their occupational group

Answer 5

low loyalty

Question 6

short range goals of profit and efficiency

Answer 6

short term horizons

Question 7

examples of this are market share and technological developments

Answer 7

long range goals

Question 8

basic convictions that people have about right and wrong, good and bad, important and unimportant

Answer 8

values

Question 9

extent to which less powerful members accept that power is distributed unequally

Answer 9

power distance

Question 10

examples of high power distance countries

Answer 10

mexico, south korea, india

Question 11

extent to which people feel threatened by ambiguous situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these

Answer 11

uncertainty avoidance

Question 12

dominant social values are success, money, and things

Answer 12

masculinity

Question 13

dominant social values are caring for others and quality of life

Answer 13

feminity

Question 14

defined as dealing with societys search for virtue

Answer 14

time orientation

Question 15

encourage instant gratification of natural human needs, perceived happiness, life in control, positive emotions, and satisfaction of basic needs

Answer 15

indulgent societies

Question 16

regulate and control behavior based on social norms, less happiness, sense of helplessness, less likely to remember positive emotions, and unmet basic needs

Answer 16

restrained societies

Question 17

belief that ideas and practices can be applied everywhere without modification

Answer 17

universalism

Question 18

countries with high universalism

Answer 18

US, UK, Germany, Sweden, Australia

Question 19

belief that circumstances dictate how ideas and practices should be applied

Answer 19

particularism

Question 20

countries with high particularism

Answer 20

china, indonesia, venezuela

Question 21

people regard themselves as individuals

Answer 21

individualism

Question 22

people regard themselves as part of group

Answer 22

communitarianism

Question 23

emotions are held in check

Answer 23

neutral

Question 24

emotions are expressed openly and naturally

Answer 24

emotional

Question 25

large public space is shared with others and small private space is guarded closely and shared with only close friends, people are open and extroverted and have a strong separation of work and personal life

Answer 25

specific culture

Question 26

public and private spaces are similar is size, public space is guarded because entry into public space affords entry into private space, people are indirect and introverted and work and private life are closely linked

Answer 26

diffuse culture

Question 27

status is attributed based on who or what person is

Answer 27

ascription

Question 27

people are accorded status based on how well they perform their functions

Answer 27

achievement culture

Question 27

only one activity at a time, appointments are kept strictly, and plans are followed as laid out

Answer 27

sequential time orientation

Question 27

people believe in controlling outcomes, dominant attitude toward environment

Answer 27

inner-directed

Question 27

multitasking, appointments are approximate and easily changed, and schedules are subordinate to relationships

Answer 27

synchronous time orientation

Question 27

extends and integrates previous analyses of cultural attributes and variables, evaluates nine different cultural attributes using middle managers from different organizations in many countries

Answer 27

Global leadership and organizational behavior effectiveness

Question 27

people believe in letting things take their own course

Answer 27

outer directed