Chapter 7 Flashcards
process of transferring meanings from sender to receiver
communication
information that surrounds a communication and helps convey the message
context
messages are often highly coded and implicit
high context societies
messages are often explicit and speaker says precisely what they mean
low context societies
more popular in high context cultures that have a moderate degree of uncertainty avoidance
elaborate style
focuses on precision and use of the right amount of words to convey message
exacting style
where is elaborate style popular
arabic countries
where is exacting style popular
england, germany, sweden
more common in high-context cultures with considerable uncertainty avoidance, people say few words and allow understatement, pauses, and silence to convey meaning
succinct style
where is the succinct style popular
asia
focus on the speaker and the relationship of parties, associated with high power distance, collective, and high-context styles, speakers choose words that indicate their status relative to the status of the others
contextual styles
focus on the speaker and the reduction of barriers between the parties, more popular in low power distance, individualistic, and low context cultures, speaker uses first names while addressing others
personal styles
Characterized by language that requires the listener to carefully note what is said and to
observe how the message is presented, meaning is conveyed nonverbally and requires the receiver to use intuitive skills to decipher the message, common in collective, high-context cultures
affective styles
goal-oriented, focuses on the sender who clearly lets the other party know what they want to other party to know, found in individualistic, low context cultures
instrumental styles
where are affective styles popular
middle east, latin america, and asia
where are instrumental styles popular
switzerland, denmark, US
transmission of information from manager to subordinate, purpose to convey orders or information
downward communication
persons view of reality
perception
transfer of meaning through means such as body language and use of physical space
nonverbal communication
study of communication through body movement and facial expression, eye contact, posture, and gestures
kinesics
area of communicating through the use of eye contact and gaze
oculesics
communicating through the use of bodily contact
haptics
study of the way people use physical space to convey messages
proxemics
used for very confidential communications
intimate distance
