Nuclear membrane
Membrane that surrounds the nucleus (DNA)
Nucleus
Large structure inside the cell that contains the DNA
Nucleolus
Large dark structure within the nucleus
Ribosomes
Where proteins are assembled
Golgi apparatus (bodies)
Aids in substance synthesis and packages product cells make, in vesicles
Plasma membrane
A protein and lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
Mitochondrion
Produces energy
Cytoskeleton
Gives the cell structure
Peroxisome
Help cells destroy hydrogen peroxide
Lysosome
Contain enzymes that digest things. Used to destroy organisms of unwanted organelles or whole cells
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
A transportation inside the cell, contains ribosomes on its surface
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A transportation inside the cell, without ribosomes
Centriole (animal)
Helps with cell division
Chloroplast (plants, some protists)
Where photosynthesis occurs
Cell wall (plants, fungi)
Provides structure for the plant
Flagella
Long whiplike tail used for movement
Cilia
Short hairlike structures that move things
Permeable
Allows things to pass through
Impermeable
Won’t allow things to pass through
Semi-permeable
Allows only certain materials to pass
Diffusion
Movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to lower concentration
Osmosis
The movement of water across membranes from higher to lower concentration
Hypertonic
The solute concentration is higher outside the cell than inside
Hypotonic
The solute concentration is lower outside than inside
Isotonic
The solute concentration balanced inside and outside
Passive transport
The movement of substances by diffusion into or out of a cell, without cellular energy required
Active transport
Movement of substances into or out of a cell by the use of cellular energy
Homeostasis
To keep things in balance, staying the same
What are 3 things that living things need to regulate
- body temperature
- blood sugar
- oxygen
How do single cell organisms gain and get rid of certain materials?
Take in and put out across their membrane
How do multi-cellular organisms gain and get rid of certain materials?
We use systems
Structure of cell membranes
- carbs hold adjoining cells together= outer surface
- proteins help move things= scattered
- lipids protect the cell= outer surface
Concentration of- hypotonic
- isotonic - hypertonic
- Lower outside than inside
- Same concentration
- Higher outside than inside
Cytoplasm
The material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus