Chapter 4 - Flying Your Helicopter

Question 1

What is the general competency requirement for exercising the privileges of a licence according to CASR 61.385?

Answer 1

You must be competent in operating the aircraft’s navigation and operating systems, conducting all normal, abnormal and emergency flight procedures, applying operating limitations, weight and balance requirements, and applying aircraft performance data.

Question 2

How often must a flight review be undertaken to continue exercising the privileges of a licence?

Answer 2

Every 2 years.

Question 3

What is required to carry passengers under CASR 61.395?

Answer 3

You must undertake 3 take-offs and landings within 90 days.

Question 4

What type of equipment is required for a helicopter flying under day VFR?

Answer 4

The helicopter must be fitted with equipment for measuring and displaying flight information, including indicated airspeed, pressure altitude, magnetic heading, time, and outside air temperature.

Question 5

What are the calibration requirements for pressure altitude equipment?

Answer 5

It must have an adjustable datum scale calibrated in millibars or hPa and be calibrated in feet, or fitted with a conversion placard or device if in a foreign country measuring in metres.

Question 6

What type of compass is required for magnetic heading?

Answer 6

A direct reading magnetic compass, or both a remote indicating compass and a standby direct reading magnetic compass.

Question 7

What additional equipment is required for night VFR flights?

Answer 7

An approved global navigation satellite system (GNSS), automatic direction finder (ADF), or VHF omni-directional radio range (VOR).

Question 8

What must a helicopter be able to maintain during night VFR flights?

Answer 8

The helicopter must maintain attitude using visual cues or be fitted with an automatic pilot system or automatic stabilisation system.

Question 9

What does ‘hot fuelling’ mean?

Answer 9

‘Hot fuelling’ means the fuelling of an aircraft with its engine or engines running.

Question 10

Under what conditions can air traffic control issue a ‘special VFR clearance’?

Answer 10

When the special VFR flight will not unduly delay an IFR flight, can be conducted clear of cloud, and visibility is not less than 800 m for helicopters.

Question 11

What are the alternate landing site requirements for VFR flights?

Answer 11

You must provide for a suitable alternate aerodrome when forecast conditions include cloud below 1,500 ft at night or visibility less than 8 km.

Question 12

What is the VMC criteria for helicopters in Class D controlled airspace?

Answer 12

5,000 m flight visibility, 600 m horizontal distance from cloud, and 1,000 ft vertical distance above cloud.

Question 13

What places are suitable for helicopter take-off or landing according to CASR 91.410?

Answer 13

A certified aerodrome, a military aerodrome, or a place suitable to take off or land from.

Question 14

What is required for a helicopter to operate on the ground according to CASR 91.430?

Answer 14

Only a qualified pilot may operate a helicopter on the ground, except as prescribed by the MOS.

Question 15

What conditions apply to taxiing procedures for helicopters?

Answer 15

Use air transit procedures to expedite traffic movement and ground taxi on prepared surfaces where practicable.

Question 16

What clearance is needed for a helicopter to take off from a controlled aerodrome?

Answer 16

A take-off clearance granted by ATC.

Question 17

What must a helicopter do if it takes off from a non-controlled aerodrome?

Answer 17

The take-off path must be outside the flight strip of the runway in use by aeroplanes.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: Hot fuelling is limited to _______ engine aircraft.

Answer 18

turbine

Question 19

True or False: A helicopter must be fitted with a stand-by attitude indicator for agricultural operations.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

What must be ensured when operating a helicopter in Class G airspace?

Answer 20

The flight must maintain separation of at least 500 ft vertically from any IFR aircraft within 10 NM of an aerodrome.

Question 21

What is required for the time display equipment on a helicopter?

Answer 21

It must display accurate time in hours, minutes, and seconds, and be either fitted to the aircraft or worn by the pilot.

Question 22

What are the requirements for the outside air temperature equipment?

Answer 22

No additional requirements.

Question 23

What is the requirement for take-off from a non-controlled aerodrome?

Answer 23

You may take off from any area assessed as being suitable as a HLS.

Question 24

Where must the helicopter take-off path be in relation to the flight strip of the runway?

Answer 24

The helicopter take-off path must be outside that flight strip.

Question 25

What positioning is required for the helicopter before take-off at a runway?

Answer 25

Position the helicopter to the left or right side of the runway in use.

Question 26

When can the turn after take-off onto the desired departure track be commenced?

Answer 26

When the helicopter is at a safe height.

Question 27

What altitude must you maintain above the surface if your departure track conflicts with aeroplane traffic?

Answer 27

You should remain at 500 ft above the surface.

Question 28

When is it necessary to adopt the standard departure procedure applicable to aeroplanes?

Answer 28

When the helicopter departure track conflicts with the aeroplane traffic pattern and other procedures are not practicable.

Question 29

What must a radio-equipped helicopter do before take-off?

Answer 29

Broadcast your intentions on the appropriate frequency.

Question 30

What is the maximum indicated air speed (IAS) within helicopter access corridors?

Answer 30

120 kt.

Question 31

What are the VFR flight requirements for helicopters during the day?

Answer 31

Usually not below 500 ft above the surface.

Question 32

What procedures must be used while operating within helicopter access corridors?

Answer 32

'See-and-avoid' procedures.

Question 33

What is the restriction for formation flights in helicopter access corridors?

Answer 33

Restricted to line astern with the lead aircraft responsible for maintaining separation.

Question 34

What kind of service is available in helicopter access corridors?

Answer 34

A traffic advisory service.

Question 35

What is mandatory for two-way operations in access corridors?

Answer 35

A continuous listening watch on the appropriate ATS frequency.

Question 36

What must the pilot in command ensure while operating in access corridors or lanes?

Answer 36

Operations are confined within the boundaries of the corridor or lane.

Question 37

What altitude accuracy is required within helicopter access corridors?

Answer 37

Maintained within an accuracy of ±100 ft.

Question 38

What is required if a helicopter operates outside an access corridor?

Answer 38

ATC clearance and compliance with ATC separation standards.

Question 39

What must be adhered to regarding helicopter operations in access corridors?

Answer 39

The limits of corridors and lanes.

Question 40

What clearance will not be issued for a helicopter if the tailwind component exceeds 5 kt?

Answer 40

A landing clearance.

Question 41

What should you avoid when landing at a non-controlled aerodrome in VMC by day?

Answer 41

Joining the circuit via standard aeroplane entry procedures.

Question 42

What must be assessed before descending to land at a non-controlled aerodrome?

Answer 42

The area must be suitable for use as a HLS.

Question 43

What must be clear for the final approach when landing at a non-controlled aerodrome?

Answer 43

Clear of the extended centreline of the runway in use.

Question 44

What must the post-landing positioning of the helicopter be based on?

Answer 44

By air transit or by taxiing as appropriate.

Question 45

What must a radio-equipped helicopter do when landing at a non-controlled aerodrome?

Answer 45

Broadcast your intentions on the appropriate frequency.

Question 46

What document details specific operating procedures for helicopter traffic patterns at controlled aerodromes?

Answer 46

ERSA ## Footnote ERSA stands for En Route Supplement Australia.

Question 47

What altitude must helicopter traffic maintain above the aerodrome elevation?

Answer 47

500 ft ## Footnote This altitude is a minimum requirement for safe operation.

Question 48

In what two scenarios can helicopter circuit traffic be separated from aeroplane traffic at controlled aerodromes?

Answer 48

1. Contra-direction circuits outside and parallel to the runway 2. Same traffic pattern direction as aeroplane traffic ## Footnote Helicopters must operate at lower altitudes than aeroplane traffic.

Question 49

What must helicopter pilots do at non-controlled aerodromes in relation to aeroplane traffic?

Answer 49

Broadcast their intentions and listen out for other traffic on the appropriate frequency.

Question 50

What is the minimum height for helicopter operations over populous areas?

Answer 50

1,000 ft above the highest feature or obstacle within 300 m ## Footnote This rule applies to areas with a significant number of people or gatherings.

Question 51

What are some exceptions to the minimum height rule over populous areas?

Answer 51

* Taking off or landing * Engaging in a missed approach * Practicing emergency procedures without passengers * Circuit training at an aerodrome * Air display activities ## Footnote Each exception has specific conditions that must be met.

Question 52

What is the minimum height rule for areas that are not populous or public gatherings?

Answer 52

500 ft above the highest feature or obstacle within 300 m.

Question 53

List some exceptions to the minimum height rule for non-populous areas.

Answer 53

* Taking off or landing * Engaging in a missed approach * Practicing emergency procedures without passengers * Training circuits at an aerodrome * Carrying out air display activities ## Footnote Exceptions also apply to low-flying training and validation procedures.

Question 54

What must helicopter occupants wear when taking off or landing in a populous area with water as a forced landing area?

Answer 54

Life jackets.

Question 55

What is the transponder Mode A code to be used in Class G airspace over water?

Answer 55

4000.

Question 56

What is required for VFR flights intending to fly over water beyond a certain distance from land?

Answer 56

Flight notification and SARTIME submission.

Question 57

What does SARTIME stand for?

Answer 57

Search Action Required Time.

Question 58

What must a single-engine aircraft carry when flying over water beyond safe gliding distance to land?

Answer 58

Survival emergency locator transmitter (ELT).

Question 59

What must helicopter operators do if the helicopter is hovering, air transiting, or taxiing at an aerodrome?

Answer 59

Follow specific operating procedures for those activities.

Question 60

True or False: Helicopters must always fly at or above 1,000 ft over populous areas.

Answer 60

True.

Question 61

Fill in the blank: The landing site associated with the helicopter circuit must be positioned ______ the flight strip of the runway in use.

Answer 61

outside.

Question 62

What is a requirement for helicopters when flying within an access lane used by aircraft?

Answer 62

Details must be published in the AIP.