Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOL 2113 > Chapter 4 Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Key Terms Flashcards

(93 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

lipid storage cells

A

adipocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

specialized areolar tissue rich in stored fat

A

adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mechanically attaches adjacent cells to each other or to the basement membrane

A

anchoring junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

that part of a cell or tissue which, in general, faces an open space

A

apical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

release of a substance along with the apical portion of the cell

A

apocrine secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

programmed cell death

A

apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

(also, loose connective tissue) a type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix

A

areolar tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

star-shaped cell in the central nervous system that regulates ions and uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters and contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier

A

astrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

loss of mass and function

A

atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

thin extracellular layer that lies underneath epithelial cells and separates them from other tissues

A

basal lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

in epithelial tissue, a thin layer of fibrous material that anchors the epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue; made up of the basal lamina and reticular lamina

A

basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

heart muscle, under involuntary control, composed of striated cells that attach to form fibers, each cell contains a single nucleus, contracts autonomously

A

cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

point of cell-to-cell contact that connects one cell to another in a tissue

A

cell junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cells of the cartilage

A

chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cells of the cartilage

A

chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

also called coagulation; complex process by which blood components form a plug to stop bleeding

A

clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

flexible fibrous proteins that give connective tissue tensile strength

A

collagen fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

type of tissue that serves to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body’s organs and systems

A

connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

connective tissue that encapsulates organs and lines movable joints

A

connective tissue membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

connective tissue containing a viscous matrix, fibers, and cells.

A

connective tissue proper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

skin; epithelial tissue made up of a stratified squamous epithelial cells that cover the outside of the body

A

cutaneous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

connective tissue proper that contains many fibers that provide both elasticity and protection

A

dense connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

outermost embryonic germ layer from which the epidermis and the nervous tissue derive

A

ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

type of cartilage, with elastin as the major protein, characterized by rigid support as well as elasticity

A

elastic cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
fibrous protein within connective tissue that contains a high percentage of the protein elastin that allows the fibers to stretch and return to original size
elastic fiber
26
groups of cells that release chemical signals into the intercellular fluid to be picked up and transported to their target organs by blood
endocrine gland
27
innermost embryonic germ layer from which most of the digestive system and lower respiratory system derive
endoderm
28
tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular system, made up of a simple squamous epithelium
endothelium
29
epithelium attached to a layer of connective tissue
epithelial membrane
30
type of tissue that serves primarily as a covering or lining of body parts, protecting the body; it also functions in absorption, transport, and secretion
epithelial tissue
31
group of epithelial cells that secrete substances through ducts that open to the skin or to internal body surfaces that lead to the exterior of the body
exocrine gland
32
most abundant cell type in connective tissue, secretes protein fibers and matrix into the extracellular space
fibroblast
33
tough form of cartilage, made of thick bundles of collagen fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate ground substance
fibrocartilage
34
less active form of fibroblast
fibrocyte
35
specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins
fluid connective tissue
36
allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells
gap junction
37
allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells
gap junction
38
unicellular gland found in columnar epithelium that secretes mucous
goblet cell
39
fluid or semi-fluid portion of the matrix
ground substance
40
chemical compound released by mast cells in response to injury that causes vasodilation and endothelium permeability
histamine
41
microscopic study of tissue architecture, organization, and function
histology
42
release of a substance caused by the rupture of a gland cell, which becomes part of the secretion
holocrine secretion
43
most common type of cartilage, smooth and made of short collagen fibers embedded in a chondroitin sulfate ground substance
hyaline cartilage
44
response of tissue to injury
inflammation
45
(singular = lacuna) small spaces in bone or cartilage tissue that cells occupy
lacunae
46
areolar connective tissue underlying a mucous membrane
lamina propria
47
(also, areolar tissue) type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix
loose connective tissue
48
extracellular material which is produced by the cells embedded in it, containing ground substance and fibers
matrix
49
release of a substance from a gland via exocytosis
merocrine secretion
50
adult stem cell from which most connective tissue cells are derived
mesenchymal cell
51
embryonic tissue from which connective tissue cells derive
mesenchyme
52
middle embryonic germ layer from which connective tissue, muscle tissue, and some epithelial tissue derive
mesoderm
53
simple squamous epithelial tissue which covers the major body cavities and is the epithelial portion of serous membranes
mesothelium
54
specialized loose connective tissue present in the umbilical cord
mucous connective tissue
55
group of cells that secrete mucous, a thick, slippery substance that keeps tissues moist and acts as a lubricant
mucous gland
56
tissue membrane that is covered by protective mucous and lines tissue exposed to the outside environment
mucous membrane
57
type of tissue that is capable of contracting and generating tension in response to stimulation; produces movement.
muscle tissue
58
layer of lipid inside some neuroglial cells that wraps around the axons of some neurons
myelin
59
muscle cells
myocyte
60
accidental death of cells and tissues
necrosis
61
type of tissue that is capable of sending and receiving impulses through electrochemical signals.
nervous tissue
62
supportive neural cells
neuroglia
63
excitable neural cell that transfer nerve impulses
neuron
64
neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the brain
oligodendrocyte
65
functional cells of a gland or organ, in contrast with the supportive or connective tissue of a gland or organ
parenchyma
66
condition of a wound where the wound edges are close enough to be brought together and fastened if necessary, allowing quicker and more thorough healing
primary union
67
tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory tract
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
68
fine fibrous protein, made of collagen subunits, which cross-link to form supporting “nets” within connective tissue
reticular fiber
69
matrix containing collagen and elastin secreted by connective tissue; a component of the basement membrane
reticular lamina
70
type of loose connective tissue that provides a supportive framework to soft organs, such as lymphatic tissue, spleen, and the liver
reticular tissue
71
neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system
Schwann cell
72
wound healing facilitated by wound contraction
secondary union
73
group of cells within the serous membrane that secrete a lubricating substance onto the surface
serous gland
74
type of tissue membrane that lines body cavities and lubricates them with serous fluid
serous membrane
75
tissue that consists of a single layer of column-like cells; promotes secretion and absorption in tissues and organs
simple columnar epithelium
76
tissue that consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells; promotes secretion and absorption in ducts and tubules
simple cuboidal epithelium
77
tissue that consists of a single layer of flat scale-like cells; promotes diffusion and filtration across surface
simple squamous epithelium
78
usually attached to bone, under voluntary control, each cell is a fiber that is multinucleated and striated
skeletal muscle
79
under involuntary control, moves internal organs, cells contain a single nucleus, are spindle-shaped, and do not appear striated; each cell is a fiber
smooth muscle
80
tissue that consists of two or more layers of column-like cells, contains glands and is found in some ducts
stratified columnar epithelium
81
tissue that consists of two or more layers of cube-shaped cells, found in some ducts
stratified cuboidal epithelium
82
tissue that consists of multiple layers of cells with the most apical being flat scale-like cells; protects surfaces from abrasion
stratified squamous epithelium
83
alignment of parallel actin and myosin filaments which form a banded pattern
striation
84
type of connective tissue that provides strength to the body and protects soft tissue
supportive connective tissue
85
connective tissue membrane that lines the cavities of freely movable joints, producing synovial fluid for lubrication
synovial membrane
86
forms an impermeable barrier between cells
tight junction
87
forms an impermeable barrier between cells
tight junction
88
group of cells that are similar in form and perform related functions
tissue
89
thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body, organs, and internal cavities
tissue membrane
90
embryonic cells that have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell and organ in the body
totipotent
91
form of stratified epithelium found in the urinary tract, characterized by an apical layer of cells that change shape in response to the presence of urine
transitional epithelium
92
widening of blood vessels
vasodilation
93
process whereby the borders of a wound are physically drawn together
wound contraction

BIOL 2113 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions