Chapter 7 Key Terms Flashcards
(176 cards)
1
Q
upper border of mandibular body that contains the lower teeth
A
alveolar process of the mandible
2
Q
curved, inferior margin of the maxilla that supports and anchors the upper teeth
A
alveolar process of the maxilla
3
Q
rounded corner located at outside margin of the body and ramus junction
A
angle of the mandible
4
Q
portion of rib with greatest curvature; together, the rib angles form the most posterior extent of the thoracic cage
A
angle of the rib
5
Q
one of the series of paired openings located on the anterior (ventral) side of the sacrum
A
anterior (ventral) sacral foramen
6
Q
anterior portion of the ring-like C1 (atlas) vertebra
A
anterior arch
7
Q
shallowest and most anterior cranial fossa of the cranial base that extends from the frontal bone to the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
A
anterior cranial fossa
8
Q
ligament that runs the length of the vertebral column, uniting the anterior aspects of the vertebral bodies
A
anterior longitudinal ligament
9
Q
tough, fibrous outer portion of an intervertebral disc, which is strongly anchored to the bodies of the adjacent vertebrae
A
anulus fibrosus
10
Q
all bones of the upper and lower limbs, plus the girdle bones that attach each limb to the axial skeleton
A
appendicular skeleton
11
Q
smooth ridge located on the inferior skull, immediately anterior to the mandibular fossa
A
articular tubercle
12
Q
first cervical (C1) vertebra
A
atlas
13
Q
central, vertical axis of the body, including the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
A
axial skeleton
14
Q
second cervical (C2) vertebra
A
axis
15
Q
shaft portion of a rib
A
body of the rib
16
Q
portion of the skull that contains and protects the brain, consisting of the eight bones that form the cranial base and rounded upper skull
A
brain case
17
Q
(also, skullcap) rounded top of the skull
A
calvaria
18
Q
zig-zag tunnel providing passage through the base of the skull for the internal carotid artery to the brain; begins anteromedial to the styloid process and terminates in the middle cranial cavity, near the posterior-lateral base of the sella turcica
A
carotid canal
19
Q
posteriorly concave curvature of the cervical vertebral column region; a secondary curve of the vertebral column
A
cervical curve
20
Q
seven vertebrae numbered as C1–C7 that are located in the neck region of the vertebral column
A
cervical vertebrae
21
Q
paired notches located on the superior-lateral sides of the sternal manubrium, for articulation with the clavicle
A
clavicular notch
22
Q
small bone located at inferior end of the adult vertebral column that is formed by the fusion of four coccygeal vertebrae; also referred to as the “tailbone”
A
coccyx
23
Q
thickened upward projection from posterior margin of mandibular ramus
A
condylar process of the mandible
24
Q
oval-shaped process located at the top of the condylar process of the mandible
A
condyle
25
joint that unites the frontal bone to the right and left parietal bones across the top of the skull
coronal suture
26
flattened upward projection from the anterior margin of the mandibular ramus
coronoid process of the mandible
27
hyaline cartilage structure attached to the anterior end of each rib that provides for either direct or indirect attachment of most ribs to the sternum
costal cartilage
28
site on the lateral sides of a thoracic vertebra for articulation with the head of a rib
costal facet
29
shallow groove along the inferior margin of a rib that provides passage for blood vessels and a nerve
costal groove
30
interior space of the skull that houses the brain
cranial cavity
31
skull
cranium
32
small, flattened areas with numerous small openings, located to either side of the midline in the floor of the anterior cranial fossa; formed by the ethmoid bone
cribriform plate
33
small upward projection located at the midline in the floor of the anterior cranial fossa; formed by the ethmoid bone
crista galli
34
bony projection (odontoid process) that extends upward from the body of the C2 (axis) vertebra
dens
35
three small bones located in the middle ear cavity that serve to transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear
ear ossicles
36
one of several small, air-filled spaces located within the lateral sides of the ethmoid bone, between the orbit and upper nasal cavity
ethmoid air cell
37
unpaired bone that forms the roof and upper, lateral walls of the nasal cavity, portions of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and medial wall of orbit, and the upper portion of the nasal septum
ethmoid bone
38
ear canal opening located on the lateral side of the skull
external acoustic meatus
39
small bump located at the midline on the posterior skull
external occipital protuberance
40
small, flattened area on a bone for an articulation (joint) with another bone, or for muscle attachment
facet
41
fourteen bones that support the facial structures and form the upper and lower jaws and the hard palate
facial bones
42
vertebrochondral ribs 8–12 whose costal cartilage either attaches indirectly to the sternum via the costal cartilage of the next higher rib or does not attach to the sternum at all
false ribs
43
vertebral ribs 11–12 that do not attach to the sternum or to the costal cartilage of another rib
floating ribs
44
expanded area of fibrous connective tissue that separates the brain case bones of the skull prior to birth and during the first year after birth
fontanelle
45
irregular opening in the base of the skull, located inferior to the exit of carotid canal
foramen lacerum
46
large opening in the occipital bone of the skull through which the spinal cord emerges and the vertebral arteries enter the cranium
foramen magnum
47
oval-shaped opening in the floor of the middle cranial fossa
foramen ovale of the middle cranial fossa
48
round opening in the floor of the middle cranial fossa, located between the superior orbital fissure and foramen ovale
foramen rotundum
49
small opening in the floor of the middle cranial fossa, located lateral to the foramen ovale
foramen spinosum
50
unpaired bone that forms forehead, roof of orbit, and floor of anterior cranial fossa
frontal bone
51
air-filled space within the frontal bone; most anterior of the paranasal sinuses
frontal sinus
52
slight depression of frontal bone, located at the midline between the eyebrows
glabella
53
lateral projections of the sphenoid bone that form the anterior wall of the middle cranial fossa and an area of the lateral skull
greater wings of sphenoid bone
54
bony structure that forms the roof of the mouth and floor of the nasal cavity, formed by the palatine process of the maxillary bones and the horizontal plate of the palatine bones
hard palate
55
posterior end of a rib that articulates with the bodies of thoracic vertebrae
head of the rib
56
medial extension from the palatine bone that forms the posterior quarter of the hard palate
horizontal plate
57
small, U-shaped bone located in upper neck that does not contact any other bone
hyoid bone
58
paired openings that pass anteriorly from the anterior-lateral margins of the foramen magnum deep to the occipital condyles
hypoglossal canal
59
shallow depression on top of the sella turcica that houses the pituitary (hypophyseal) gland
hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa
60
bony process that extends downward from the vertebral arch of a vertebra that articulates with the superior articular process of the next lower vertebra
inferior articular process
61
one of the paired bones that project from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity to form the largest and most inferior of the nasal conchae
inferior nasal concha
62
opening located on anterior skull, below the orbit
infraorbital foramen
63
space on lateral side of skull, below the level of the zygomatic arch and deep (medial) to the ramus of the mandible
infratemporal fossa
64
opening into petrous ridge, located on the lateral wall of the posterior cranial fossa
internal acoustic meatus
65
structure located between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae that strongly joins the vertebrae; provides padding, weight bearing ability, and enables vertebral column movements
intervertebral disc
66
opening located between adjacent vertebrae for exit of a spinal nerve
intervertebral foramen
67
shallow notch located on superior surface of sternal manubrium
jugular (suprasternal) notch
68
irregularly shaped opening located in the lateral floor of the posterior cranial cavity
jugular foramen
69
(also, humpback or hunchback) excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic vertebral column region
kyphosis
70
paired bones that contribute to the anterior-medial wall of each orbit
lacrimal bone
71
shallow depression in the anterior-medial wall of the orbit, formed by the lacrimal bone that gives rise to the nasolacrimal canal
lacrimal fossa
72
inverted V-shaped joint that unites the occipital bone to the right and left parietal bones on the posterior skull
lambdoid suture
73
portion of the vertebral arch on each vertebra that extends between the transverse and spinous process
lamina
74
paired, flattened bony projections of the sphenoid bone located on the inferior skull, lateral to the medial pterygoid plate
lateral pterygoid plate
75
paired irregular ridges running down the lateral sides of the posterior sacrum that was formed by the fusion of the transverse processes from the five sacral vertebrae
lateral sacral crest
76
lateral extensions of the sphenoid bone that form the bony lip separating the anterior and middle cranial fossae
lesser wings of the sphenoid bone
77
series of short ligaments that unite the lamina of adjacent vertebrae
ligamentum flavum
78
small flap of bone located on the inner (medial) surface of mandibular ramus, next to the mandibular foramen
lingula
79
(also, swayback) excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar vertebral column region
lordosis
80
posteriorly concave curvature of the lumbar vertebral column region; a secondary curve of the vertebral column
lumbar curve
81
five vertebrae numbered as L1–L5 that are located in lumbar region (lower back) of the vertebral column
lumbar vertebrae
82
unpaired bone that forms the lower jaw bone; the only moveable bone of the skull
mandible
83
opening located on the inner (medial) surface of the mandibular ramus
mandibular foramen
84
oval depression located on the inferior surface of the skull
mandibular fossa
85
large U-shaped notch located between the condylar process and coronoid process of the mandible
mandibular notch
86
expanded, superior portion of the sternum
manubrium
87
large bony prominence on the inferior, lateral skull, just behind the earlobe
mastoid process
88
(also, maxilla) paired bones that form the upper jaw and anterior portion of the hard palate
maxillary bone
89
air-filled space located with each maxillary bone; largest of the paranasal sinuses
maxillary sinus
90
paired, flattened bony projections of the sphenoid bone located on the inferior skull medial to the lateral pterygoid plate; form the posterior portion of the nasal cavity lateral wall
medial pterygoid plate
91
irregular ridge running down the midline of the posterior sacrum that was formed from the fusion of the spinous processes of the five sacral vertebrae
median sacral crest
92
opening located on the anterior-lateral side of the mandibular body
mental foramen
93
inferior margin of anterior mandible that forms the chin
mental protuberance
94
centrally located cranial fossa that extends from the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone to the petrous ridge
middle cranial fossa
95
nasal concha formed by the ethmoid bone that is located between the superior and inferior conchae
middle nasal concha
96
bony ridge located along the inner (medial) surface of the mandibular body
mylohyoid line
97
paired bones that form the base of the nose
nasal bone
98
opening through skull for passage of air
nasal cavity
99
curved bony plates that project from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity; include the superior and middle nasal conchae, which are parts of the ethmoid bone, and the independent inferior nasal conchae bone
nasal conchae
100
flat, midline structure that divides the nasal cavity into halves, formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, vomer bone, and septal cartilage
nasal septum
101
passage for drainage of tears that extends downward from the medial-anterior orbit to the nasal cavity, terminating behind the inferior nasal conchae
nasolacrimal canal
102
narrowed region of a rib, next to the rib head
neck of the rib
103
rod-like structure along dorsal side of the early embryo; largely disappears during later development but does contribute to formation of the intervertebral discs
notochord
104
expanded portion of the supraspinous ligament within the posterior neck; interconnects the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae and attaches to the base of the skull
nuchal ligament
105
gel-like central region of an intervertebral disc; provides for padding, weight-bearing, and movement between adjacent vertebrae
nucleus pulposus
106
unpaired bone that forms the posterior portions of the brain case and base of the skull
occipital bone
107
paired, oval-shaped bony knobs located on the inferior skull, to either side of the foramen magnum
occipital condyle
108
opening spanning between middle cranial fossa and posterior orbit
optic canal
109
bony socket that contains the eyeball and associated muscles
orbit
110
paired bones that form the posterior quarter of the hard palate and a small area in floor of the orbit
palatine bone
111
medial projection from the maxilla bone that forms the anterior three quarters of the hard palate
palatine process
112
cavities within the skull that are connected to the conchae that serve to warm and humidify incoming air, produce mucus, and lighten the weight of the skull; consist of frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sinuses
paranasal sinuses
113
paired bones that form the upper, lateral sides of the skull
parietal bone
114
portion of the vertebral arch that extends from the vertebral body to the transverse process
pedicle
115
downward, midline extension of the ethmoid bone that forms the superior portion of the nasal septum
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
116
petrous portion of the temporal bone that forms a large, triangular ridge in the floor of the cranial cavity, separating the middle and posterior cranial fossae; houses the middle and inner ear structures
petrous ridge
117
one of the series of paired openings located on the posterior (dorsal) side of the sacrum
posterior (dorsal) sacral foramen
118
posterior portion of the ring-like C1 (atlas) vertebra
posterior arch
119
deepest and most posterior cranial fossa; extends from the petrous ridge to the occipital bone
posterior cranial fossa
120
ligament that runs the length of the vertebral column, uniting the posterior sides of the vertebral bodies
posterior longitudinal ligament
121
anteriorly concave curvatures of the thoracic and sacrococcygeal regions that are retained from the original fetal curvature of the vertebral column
primary curve
122
H-shaped suture junction region that unites the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones on the lateral side of the skull
pterion
123
vertical portion of the mandible
ramus of the mandible
124
thin, curved bones of the chest wall
ribs
125
bony tunnel that runs through the sacrum
sacral canal
126
series of paired openings for nerve exit located on both the anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) aspects of the sacrum
sacral foramina
127
inferior opening and termination of the sacral canal
sacral hiatus
128
anterior lip of the base (superior end) of the sacrum
sacral promontory
129
anteriorly concave curvature formed by the sacrum and coccyx; a primary curve of the vertebral column
sacrococcygeal curve
130
single bone located near the inferior end of the adult vertebral column that is formed by the fusion of five sacral vertebrae; forms the posterior portion of the pelvis
sacrum
131
joint that unites the right and left parietal bones at the midline along the top of the skull
sagittal suture
132
medial portion of a somite consisting of mesenchyme tissue that will give rise to bone, cartilage, and fibrous connective tissues
sclerotome
133
abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column
scoliosis
134
posteriorly concave curvatures of the cervical and lumbar regions of the vertebral column that develop after the time of birth
secondary curve
135
elevated area of sphenoid bone located at midline of the middle cranial fossa
sella turcica
136
flat cartilage structure that forms the anterior portion of the nasal septum
septal cartilage
137
bones of the body
skeleton
138
bony structure that forms the head, face, and jaws, and protects the brain; consists of 22 bones
skull
139
one of the paired, repeating blocks of tissue located on either side of the notochord in the early embryo
somite
140
unpaired bone that forms the central base of skull
sphenoid bone
141
air-filled space located within the sphenoid bone; most posterior of the paranasal sinuses
sphenoid sinus
142
unpaired bony process that extends posteriorly from the vertebral arch of a vertebra
spinous process
143
joint that unites the parietal bone to the squamous portion of the temporal bone on the lateral side of the skull
squamous suture
144
junction line between manubrium and body of the sternum and the site for attachment of the second rib to the sternum
sternal angle
145
flattened bone located at the center of the anterior chest
sternum
146
downward projecting, elongated bony process located on the inferior aspect of the skull
styloid process
147
opening located on inferior skull, between the styloid process and mastoid process
stylomastoid foramen
148
bony process that extends upward from the vertebral arch of a vertebra that articulates with the inferior articular process of the next higher vertebra
superior articular process
149
paired processes that extend upward from the sacrum to articulate (join) with the inferior articular processes from the L5 vertebra
superior articular process of the sacrum
150
smallest and most superiorly located of the nasal conchae; formed by the ethmoid bone
superior nasal concha
151
paired bony lines on the posterior skull that extend laterally from the external occipital protuberance
superior nuchal line
152
irregularly shaped opening between the middle cranial fossa and the posterior orbit
superior orbital fissure
153
opening located on anterior skull, at the superior margin of the orbit
supraorbital foramen
154
superior margin of the orbit
supraorbital margin
155
ligament that interconnects the spinous processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
supraspinous ligament
156
junction line at which adjacent bones of the skull are united by fibrous connective tissue
suture
157
paired bones that form the lateral, inferior portions of the skull, with squamous, mastoid, and petrous portions
temporal bone
158
shallow space on the lateral side of the skull, above the level of the zygomatic arch
temporal fossa
159
short extension from the zygomatic bone that forms the anterior portion of the zygomatic arch
temporal process of the zygomatic bone
160
consists of 12 pairs of ribs and sternum
thoracic cage
161
anteriorly concave curvature of the thoracic vertebral column region; a primary curve of the vertebral column
thoracic curve
162
twelve vertebrae numbered as T1–T12 that are located in the thoracic region (upper back) of the vertebral column
thoracic vertebrae
163
opening found only in the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
transverse foramen
164
paired bony processes that extends laterally from the vertebral arch of a vertebra
transverse process
165
vertebrosternal ribs 1–7 that attach via their costal cartilage directly to the sternum
true ribs
166
small bump on the posterior side of a rib for articulation with the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra
tubercle of the rib
167
individual bone in the neck and back regions of the vertebral column
vertebra
168
bony passageway within the vertebral column for the spinal cord that is formed by the series of individual vertebral foramina
vertebral (spinal) canal
169
bony arch formed by the posterior portion of each vertebra that surrounds and protects the spinal cord
vertebral arch
170
entire sequence of bones that extend from the skull to the tailbone
vertebral column
171
opening associated with each vertebra defined by the vertebral arch that provides passage for the spinal cord
vertebral foramen
172
unpaired bone that forms the inferior and posterior portions of the nasal septum
vomer bone
173
small process that forms the inferior tip of the sternum
xiphoid process
174
elongated, free-standing arch on the lateral skull, formed anteriorly by the temporal process of the zygomatic bone and posteriorly by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
zygomatic arch
175
cheekbone; paired bones that contribute to the lateral orbit and anterior zygomatic arch
zygomatic bone
176
extension from the temporal bone that forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch
zygomatic process of the temporal bone
