Chapter 4- Metaphysics

Question 0

What is materialism

Answer 0

Matter is the ultimate reality

Question 1

What is idealism?

Answer 1

The belief that mind is reality

Question 2

What is monism?

Answer 2

The belief that reality is ultimately one all encompassing thing that is, matter or mind

Question 3

What is dualism

Answer 3

The belief that reality consists of two fundamentally different things, matter and mind

Question 4

What did Heraclitus believe

Answer 4

All things come and pass with accordance to the logos

Question 5

What is paremenides monism

Answer 5

The belief that everything is timeless and unchanging. Nothing can deteriorate because those are forms of non being

Question 6

What is platos idea of forms

Answer 6

That everything in the universe is partake of it’s form in heaven

Question 7

Are forms vulnerable

Answer 7

No, forms can not be subjected to change

Question 8

What is the ultimate truth and ultimate reality

Answer 8

It is empty

Question 9

How many kinds of substances were there according to Descartes

Answer 9

2

Question 10

What is a thinking substance according to Descartes

Answer 10

A thing that’s essence is thought

Question 11

What is an extended substance

Answer 11

A thing that’s essence is to take up space

Question 12

What was spinozas criticism of Descartes view of the substance

Answer 12

He said it was a contradiction to believe there are multiple kinds of substances. There can only be one that is only dependent on itself

Question 13

Who believed that everything finite is an expression of the infinite substance

Answer 13

Spinoza

Question 14

What did Heidegger attempt to do

Answer 14

Reawaken the sense of wonder

Question 15

What is at the top of platos hierarchy of forms

Answer 15

Good

Question 16

What is Abu nasr’s diagnosis of zasetsky

Answer 16

Zasetskys agent intellect is not damaged, but his active intellect is.

Question 17

What are the four types of intellect

Answer 17

Potential, active, acquired, agent

Question 18

What would be ibn sinas diagnosis

Answer 18

His mind is fine, his brain is damaged. This will heal when he dies

Question 19

What are Descartes six parts of the mind

Answer 19

Immateriality, unity, thinking, self-knowing, immortality, and innate ideas

Question 20

What would be lockes diagnosis

Answer 20

Zasetskys mind is greatly diminished. There is no difference between the mind and the brain and his blank slate is ruined

Question 21

What is kants diagnosis

Answer 21

Part of Zasetskys reality is damaged but he is still aware so it’s not that bad

Question 22

What is identity theory

Answer 22

Mental states are identical to brain states

Question 23

What was hillary putnams critique of identity theory

Answer 23

Activities going on in human minds could be going on in another animals. So we can’t just apply mental states to brain states

Question 24

What is the quaila criticism of identity theory

Answer 24

Conscious states are subjective and qualitative while brain states are not

Question 25

What is eliminative materialism

Answer 25

The belief that common sense psychology will be eliminated and replaced with neuroscience

Question 26

What are the three cosmological arguments according to Thomas aquinas

Answer 26

Prime mover, uncaused cause, independent from dependency

Question 27

What was Bertrand Russell's criticism of the cosmological argument

Answer 27

There should be an explanation as to why the first cause is exempt from causation

Question 28

What are the 7 forms of atheism

Answer 28

Strong atheism, weak atheism,agnosticism, strong agnosticism, weak agnosticism, agnostic theism, apatheism

Question 29

What are the 5 arguments of atheism

Answer 29

Argument from poor design, argument from non belief, argument from parsimony, omnipotence paradox, argument from free will

Question 30

What is nihilism

Answer 30

The belief that life has no subjective or objective meaning. Nothing matters

Question 31

What is atheistic existentialism

Answer 31

The belief that because there is no objective meaning of life your meaning must be chosen by you

Question 32

What is the meaning of life in accordance to theistic existentialism

Answer 32

You give meaning to your life, love authentically

Question 33

What is ataraxia

Answer 33

The belief that true pleasure is an inner stillness, the belief that everything should be enjoyed in moderation

Question 34

Who is Tolstoy and what did he believe was the meaning of life according to him

Answer 34

Tolstoy is a man who became very successful but felt miserable. He had accomplished all of his dreams but had no foundation. He contemplated suicide but then he decided that the meaning of like was unrational faith

Question 35

Who believed that existence precedes essence! That you make your own meaning of life

Answer 35

Jean Paul Sarte

Question 36

What is the perceiver relativity argument

Answer 36

The belief that we can not judge the universe in anyway because we only see a little bit of the entirety of it

Question 37

What is the anthropic principle

Answer 37

The universe is just right for human life

Question 38

What did Schopenhauer relate the cosmological argument to in his critique and what did he say

Answer 38

A cab ride. The laws of causality are not so accommodating as to let itself be used as a hired cab

Question 39

What is Kant's critique of the ontological argument

Answer 39

He said that existence is not a property of a thing rather it is a relationship a thing may or may mot have with reality

Question 40

What is deism

Answer 40

The belief that a supreme being created the world and set it in motion but does not intervene

Question 41

What is the ontological argument

Answer 41

People have innate ideas of the perfect God. If he is perfect then he just be perfect in all ways including the aspect of existence

Question 42

What would Descartes diagnoses of zasestsky be

Answer 42

Zasetskys mind is perfect it is just his brain that is experiencing some difficulty

Question 43

What did Heidegger believe in being

Answer 43

Philosophers have been very wrong! Being is not something special like a timeless form or substance

Question 44

What would cognitive science's diagnosis of zasestsky be

Answer 44

He has severe but not reality threatening injuries

Question 45

According to Thomas nagel why can't humans know what it's like to be a bat

Answer 45

Because at most we can experiencing being a bat from a human perspective

Question 46

What is the new mysteria ism

Answer 46

The belief that the human mind is structured in a way that certain problems are unsolvable to it Like the mind body problem