Ethics

Question 0

What does normative ethics ask

Answer 0

What are these principle we use to arrive at moral judgements

Question 1

What does metaethics ask

Answer 1

From where do our moral principles come?

Question 2

What does applied ethics ask

Answer 2

How can we apply ethical judgements to a particular problem

Question 3

What would egoistic relativist say

Answer 3

We can’t know anything for certain

Question 4

Why is the concept of egoistic relativism self defeating

Answer 4

By saying you can never say you know something for certain you are certain in your judgement of assuming you can’t know anything

Question 5

What is social relativism

Answer 5

Morality is relative to the society and their given beliefs

Question 6

What would an egoistic relativist say in regards to morality

Answer 6

It is relative to the individual

Question 7

What is incommensurable pluralism

Answer 7

The belief that there is no way to reach a modus vivendi

Question 8

What is metaethical relativism

Answer 8

Skepticism about the existence of any firm and universal moral principle

Question 9

What is grounding morality

Answer 9

Finding a starting point to base all morality off of

Question 10

Who or what is the starting point for metaphysical grounding

Answer 10

God or religion

Question 11

What did Emile Durkheim say in moral education

Answer 11

He based our morality on God (metaphysical grounding)

Question 12

What did Simon Blackburn respond to Durkheim

Answer 12

Religion removes all the possibility of ethics

Question 13

What’s divine command theory

Answer 13

The theory that was is good, is good because it is compatible with God

Question 14

What are agape ethics

Answer 14

It’s basis are the two commandments based on love.

1) love your God
2) love your neighbour as yourself

Question 15

What is the euthyphro dilemma

Answer 15

Are things good because God love them or does God love good things

Question 16

What is situational ethics

Answer 16

An extreme form of agape ethics in which love is the only commandment everything else is based on particulars

Question 17

What’s naturalistic grounding

Answer 17

Basing our morality on what coheres with nature

Question 18

What is social Darwinism

Answer 18

Survival of the fittest. The great flourish while the weak and foolish are to die

Question 19

What is altruism

Answer 19

The belief that humans can do things out of the goodness of our hearts

Question 20

What is Humes guillotine

Answer 20

There is a difference between what is and what ought to be so we should ignore naturalistic arguments that attempt to define morality

Question 21

What is sociological grounding in ethics

Answer 21

An attempt to base morality off of what is observed in society

Question 22

What is the deontological grounding in ethics

Answer 22

The belief that we should always do the right thing regardless of its consequences

Question 23

Who created categorical imperative

Answer 23

Immanuel Kant

Question 24

What's the consequentialist grounding for ethics

Answer 24

What is moral is what leads to the right outcome

Question 25

What story is used to demonstrate psychological egoism

Answer 25

The magic ring

Question 26

What do determinists believe

Answer 26

We have no free will

Question 27

What is ultracalvinism

Answer 27

The belief that God controls everything

Question 28

What is the theory that we are determined based on natural laws

Answer 28

Scientific determinism

Question 29

What is libertarianism

Answer 29

The belief that humans have free will

Question 30

What is existentialism

Answer 30

The belief that we have free will but there are also factors that we can't control

Question 31

What are excusing conditions

Answer 31

Factors in a situation that may excuse immoral actions

Question 32

What are three common excusing conditions

Answer 32

Ignorance, compulsion, trying

Question 33

What are the major normative systems of ethics

Answer 33

Virtue ethics, deontology, consequentialism

Question 34

What is deontology

Answer 34

A moral theory that centres on the concept of duty

Question 35

What is categorical imperative

Answer 35

Using apriori reasoning to come to the nature of moral reality

Question 36

What is a maxim

Answer 36

A principle

Question 37

What were kants 4 steps to arrive at a principle

Answer 37

Find the principle on which an ethical decision is being made, imagine a world in which the maxim was universal, will maxim lead to contradictions? If so it is immoral

Question 38

What was Benjamin constants critique of kants moral theory

Answer 38

He asked the questions Is the right thing to do to be honest in all circumstances? Is withholding info the same as lying? Is allowing a person to continue with false belief a form of lying?

Question 39

What example did Constant use to question Kant

Answer 39

Hiding an innocent person and a murderer asks if he is in there

Question 40

What did Kant say in response to constant

Answer 40

You have to tell the truth to the murderer

Question 41

What is hedonism

Answer 41

Seeking any form of pleasure

Question 42

What were the 6 elements in benthams hedonistic calculus

Answer 42

Intensity, duration, certainty, fecundity, purity and John Stuart mill added extent

Question 43

What is moderation

Answer 43

The middle ground between two extremes (excess and deficient)

Question 44

What is phronesis

Answer 44

Practical wisdom

Question 45

What was macintyres critique of virtue ethics

Answer 45

Virtues are only moral depending on circumstance

Question 46

What are the natural law ethics of aquinas

Answer 46

The will and nature of God are imprinted on the natural world and on humans themselves

Question 47

What are affect based ethics

Answer 47

Looking for basic moral principles in human feelings

Question 48

What is emotivism

Answer 48

A subjectivist branch of affect based ethics. Assumes moral judgements are only products of emotions and attitudes of approval or disproval

Question 49

Why is pity not a virtue to Seneca

Answer 49

He believed it was a mental defect so it's not virtuous

Question 50

Why did the Hindus believe pity was a vice

Answer 50

You are not in the position to pity other people

Question 51

Why does Nietzsche believe pity is a vice

Answer 51

It's continuously depressive

Question 52

What is Gillian's ethics of care

Answer 52

A system of ethics that establishes caring as the value to which morality should be organized

Question 53

What is pragmatism

Answer 53

Guiding your morality based on experience. Understanding there is no starting point

Question 54

What is the proximity principle

Answer 54

The fact that we emphasize more with people who are closer to us

Question 55

What are the basic responsibility to protect core principles

Answer 55

The state has the primary responsibility, if the state can't protect then it is an international responsibility to protect

Question 56

What are the elements of the responsibility to protect

Answer 56

The responsibility to prevent, responsibility to react, responsibility to rebuild

Question 57

What are the priorities in the responsibility to protect

Answer 57

Prevention is the single most important dimension of responsibility to protect, and always use the less severe alternative first

Question 58

What are maximal pacifists

Answer 58

People who believe you can never use war or violence to stop violence

Question 59

what is militarism

Answer 59

The belief that using military force to settle disputes is morally right

Question 60

What is just war theory

Answer 60

Causing a war is wrong there are particular conditions under which it becomes morally obligatory to engage in a war

Question 61

What are environmental ethics

Answer 61

questions if we have a moral obligation to other life forms on the planet

Question 62

What is the anthropocentric principle

Answer 62

The belief that conventional ethics is human centred

Question 63

What do ethicists mean when they talk about a person

Answer 63

A conscious individual whose interests must be weighted in moral deliberation

Question 64

What 3 things did John Locke believe all humans were entitled to

Answer 64

Life, liberty, and property

Question 65

Did Locke believe humans come into the world with rights

Answer 65

Yes