Chapter 4 - Part 1 Flashcards by Delayne van Dijk

What are the 2 categories of female sex organs?

Internal and external

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What are the external female sex organs?

Vulva
Clitoris
Mons Pubis
Labia Minora
Labia Majora
Vulvar vestibule
Vaginal Opening

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What is a clitoris?

Sensitive organ important in female sexual response

Tip is a knob of tissue externally in front od vaginal opening and urethral opening

Inside has a wishbone same

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Where does the labia minora join?

Right under the clit

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What is the shaft of the clit?

Consists of 2 corpora cavernosa

-homologouus to the penis structure in makes

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Can the clit become erect?

Yes, with arousal

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What is tumescence?

Blood engorgement of erectile tissue

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What is the crura in the clit?

2 longer spongy bodies that lie deep in the body and run from tip to the clit to either side of vagina

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Where does the internal vestibular bulbs lie?

In the crura

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What is the mons pubis?

Rounded fatty pad of tissue covered with pubic has at the front of the body
-lies on top of the pubic bone

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What is the labia?

Form the perimeter of the vulvar vestibule

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What is the labia majors?

Outer lips

rounded labs with fatty tissue
naturally covered in pubic hair

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What is the labia minora?

Inner lips

2 hairless folds of skin
the top part of the labia minor forms clitoral hood
The labia minora come together at the base/behind the vaginal opening

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What is the fourchette?

-The labia minora come together at the base/behind the vaginal opening

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What is the vaginal opening called?

Introitus

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Where is the bartholin gland?

Located in the labia minora

-can become infected must be treated with antibiotics

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What is the perineum?

The area of skin between the vaginal opening and the anus

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What is The vulvar vestibule

Area enclosed by the labia minora
Contains urethral opening
Contains vagina introitus
Highly sensitive area due to innervation

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What is the hymen?

think membrane with if present partially overhears the vaginal opening

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Is a hymen the definitive sign of verginity?

No,

but has family/community expectations
related to dowry

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What is another name for female genital cutting?

Female genital mutilation

Female circumcision

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Why do people participate in FGC?

Premariatal virginity is often considered essential to family honour

Seen as a way to preserve virginity/honour

Deep rooted cultural tradition so hard to promote change

How many people have undergone FGC?

140 million females between infancy and age 15 have undergone an excision

What is type I FGC?

Excision of the prepuce with or without excision of part or all of the clit
-clitorectomy

What is type II FGC?

Excision of the clit with partial or total excision of the labia minora (80% of cases)

What is type III FGC?

Infibulation Excision of part or all of the external genitalia and stitching/narrowing of the vaginal opening -most severe form -15% of cases

What is type IV FGC?

Pricking, piercing, or incising of the clitoris and or labia. Stretching of the clit and or labia, cauterization burins of external genitals

What are the unintentional consequences of educational interventions by WHO?

Shifts in type of FGC Shifts to having the cutting done by medical practitioners Shift toward having the procedure done at younger ages

Why is shifting FGC to a younger age dangerous?

May lead to cessation of schooling and early marriage, childbearing when very young Potential health complications and discomfort at the time of marriage and childbirth

What are some of the health consequences of FGC?

``` Hemmorhage HIV Tetanus Infections of vulva and cervix Damage of urethra Pain with interocurse Birthing consequences Death Decrease sexual pleasure ```

How do we stop FGC?

Education and female empowerment (community driven) Social change is the key for longterm change

What is genital self image?

Attitudes and feeling towards our genitals

what is our genital self image perception affected by?

Cultural norms Secual experience Medical condiitons

How can genitals change appearance?

Waxing LAser hair removal Sugery

What is vaginal rejuvenation?

Labioplasty | Reconstruction of the hymen

What are the female internal organs?

``` Vagina Vestibular bulb Skenes gland/female prostate Uterus Fallopian tubes Ovaries Mammary glands ```

What is the vagina?

Tube shaped organ Birth canal 8-10cm long in unaroused state At the bottom it ends in the vaginal opening

What is the pubococcygeus muscle?

Area sound the vagina composed of 3 muscles - pubococcygeus which surrounds intoitus - Iliococcygeus - Coccygeus

Where is the vestibular bulb?

Bulbs of the clitoris Organs areshape of clitoral crura At Introits behind the labia minora -erectile tissue

What are the other names for the skeins gland?

g spot female protstate Para-Urethral gland

Where is the g spot?

Lies between the upper wall of the urethra and the wall of the vagina -size and sensitivity and among of secretion varies

What is the g spot?

Ducts of the scene gland empty into the urethra but isn't urine Secretory fluid similar to the male prostatic fluid (alkaline pH)

What is the uterus?

Womb Size of fist Shaped like upside down pear

What is the fundus?

Top part of the uterus

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

Endometrium (sheds) Myometrium (inner muscular layer) Perimetrium (serosa)

What is the other name for Fallopian tubes?

Oviducts | Uterine tubes

What is in the inside of Fallopian tubes?

Cilia

Where are the fimria of the Fallopian tubes?

Fingerline projections on end of fallopian tube

where does fertilization typically occur?

In the infundibulum of the fallopian tube | -closest to ovary

What do ovaries contain?

Follicles (capsule surrounding the ova) Primary follicle erupts mid cycle

What are the 2 main functions of ovaries?

Produce mature ova MAke sex hormones - estrogen - progesterone - small amounts of testosterone

How many mamary glands are there in the breast?

15-20 clusters each opening to the nipple

What tissues are in breasts?

Fatty and fibrous tissue surround the cluster of glands