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Sex Psych > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we use STI instead of STD?

A

STI more inclusive includes infections that are asymptomatic, or show no symptoms

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2
Q

What is STI related stigma?

A

Refers to peoples awareness that others will judge them negatively for having an STI

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3
Q

What is STI related shame?

A

The negative feelings people have about themselves when they receive an STI diagnosis

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4
Q

What is Chlamydia?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterium that is spread by sexual contact and infects the genital organs of males and females

One of the major reportable sexually transmitted diseases

Recent increases

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5
Q

Who is most likely to get chlamydia?

A

Young adults age 15-29

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6
Q

What are the male symptoms of chlamydia?

A

Mucopurulent or watery urethral discharge

Dysuria: painful urination -Burning during urination

Advanced infections may result in epididymitis, prostatitis

  • Infertility
  • Azoospermia

For male infection can ascend up the urethra to effect prostate etc and effects sperm count

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7
Q

What are the female symptoms of chlamydia?

A

Females are often asymptomatic
-Changes to vaginal discharges due to infection may be unnoticed

Infection will ascend if un-treated
-Cervicitis, PID

Advanced cases may result in scar tissue in the oviducts

  • Infertility
  • Ectopic pregnancy
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8
Q

How do you test chlamydia?

A

Cell cultures or Urinalysis

-NAATs (nucleic acid amplification tests)

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9
Q

How do you treat chlamydia?

A

Curable with antibiotics

  • azithromycin or doxycycline
  • Delayed treatment will treat the bacterial infection, but may not address/ reverse damage to reproductive organs
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10
Q

What is the other name for Gonorrhea ?

A

The clap

The drip

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11
Q

What Is gonorrhea?

A

Caused by bacteria

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhea?

A

Pus-like discharge and painful, burning urination in male but may be asymptomatic in female
-Resultant discharge may be missed

Untreated infections can affect reproductive organs leading to infertility
-Disseminated Gonorrhea can occur via the bloodstream if un-treated

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13
Q

How do you test for gonorrhea?

A

Sample of discharge is tested

Urinalysis

NAATs (nucleic acid amplification tests)

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14
Q

How do you treat gonorrhea?

A

Antibiotics (cifixime)- historically
-Treatment issues - Antibiotic resistance documented

Dual therapy with a cephalosporin (cefixime or ceftriaxone)

and Azithromycin

Increased chance to infect partners if treatment
fails

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15
Q

What is syphilis?

A

Caused by a bacterium Treponema pallidum

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of syphilis?

A

Symptoms - chancre/chancroid, rash, possible heart, brain and nervous system
damage

  • Primary infection may be missed
  • Secondary infection can be misdiagnosed without proper testing
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17
Q

What are the different stages go syphilis?

A

Primary (3 months)
Secondary (6 months)
Latent (1 yr)
Late stage (forever)

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18
Q

What is the primary stage of syphilis?

A

Chancre present where bacterium entered mucous membrane

-May be missed in females

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19
Q

What is the secondary stage of syphilis?

A

Generalized body rash

-Non-itchy, resolves with or without treatment (2-6 weeks)

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20
Q

What is the latent stage of syphilis?

A

Asymptomatic period may last for years

Bacterium burrowing and causing cardiac/NS damage

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21
Q

What is the late stage of syphilis?

A

Cardiovascular late stage syphilis or Neurosyphilis

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22
Q

Can babies in utero get syphilis?

A

yes

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23
Q

How do you diagnose syphilis?

A

Physical exam, examine fluid from chancre

Can isolate bacterial spirochete

Testing is done in 2 steps (depends on stage on infection):

  • (1) Blood tests - VDRL; Venereal Disease Research Laboratory which is a screening tool
  • (2) Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR)
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24
Q

What is the treatment for syphilis?

A

Treatment: single injection of benzathine penicillin G if treating within a year of primary infection

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25
What is HPV?
•There are over 100 strains of HPV * More than 40 HPV types can infect the genital areas of men and women * Can lead to oral and throat cancer in men and women * In terms of the potential to lead to cancer
26
What are the subtypes of HPV?
* high-risk * probable high-risk * low-risk * undetermined risk
27
Are there vaccines for HPV?
Vaccination will protect against some strains associated with warty growths and certain cancers
28
How can HPV be transmitted?
HPV Can be transmitted by oral, anal and vaginal sexual contact
29
What is associated with HPV?
Warty growth | Cervical , oral and throat cancers
30
What is the vaccine for HPV for females?
The vaccine is given as three injections over a 6-month period -Sometimes given in 2 injections Does not protect females who have been infected with -HPV before they've been vaccinated. The vaccine doesn't protect against all types of HPV -Gardasil 9 now introduced in Ontario
31
How are the HPV warts transmitted?
Warts are transmitted to other people with sexual activity
32
How Is HPV transmitted?
-HPV is spread by skin to skin contact, especially during vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse. Virus enters the body through tiny breaks in the skin, which could be caused by the friction of sex or even by using tampons incorrectly. -Viral incubation period of 1 to 9 months
33
Can you always see HPV warts?
Depending on where on you body the wart is you may not see it
34
What do HPV warts look like?
Warts may be small, flat, pink, red or flesh-colored bumps, or tiny, cauliflower-like bumps. Warts may be so small that you can't see them Individual warts measure 1 mm to 2 mm in diameter Clusters of warts may measure to 4 inches (10.2 cm) in diameter Clusters may become pendulated -May look like cauliflower
35
Where are you most likely to find HPV?
Most often found on moist surfaces Penis Vulva, vaginal and rectal openings, cervix May spread to perineum and peri-anal area.
36
What is the diagnosis of genital warts?
inspection of the warts during a physical examination. Scraping from wart shows marked vascularization of epidermal cells on dark-field examination A vinegar-like solution placed on the skin turns the warts white for easier diagnosing.
37
How do you treat genital warts?
Treatment will be determined by size and location of the warts. -Small warts may be treated with topical applications ``` Cryptherapy Laser treatment Trichloroacetic acid Electrocautery Interferon therapy Surgery ```
38
How can babies get genital warts?
An infant can contract warts by being exposed to genital warts during the birth process. Types 6, 11 can cause: - lesions on the vocal cords - can interfere with breathing - Rare called, respiratory papillomatosis HPV can be transmitted to the fetus via vaginal delivery as well as c-section delivery
39
How many people does HSV infect?
2/3 people under 50
40
What are the 2 types of HSV?
Type 1 causes cold sores and get it in childhood Type 2 causes anal/genital sores (herpes)
41
How can type 1 herpes be transmitted?
Type I (oral herpes) can be spread to the partner's genital area with oral sex
42
How can can type 2 herpes be transmitted?
Nb. HSV II can infect the mouth area as well as the genitals
43
What are the S&S of herpes?
Itching or pain in the genital area (and possibly also on the buttocks, lower back and thighs) Blisters in the genital area that burst, become raw and then crust over Blisters and sores on the buttocks, thighs and groin Possibly headache, fatigue and muscle pains Less commonly, infection with the genital herpes virus may result in fever
44
What is the treatment for herpes?
No cure - The herpes simplex virus is latent within nerves People infected with HSV need information support, coping skills (because Stay in system, doesn’t mean you will have outbreaks all the time it just varies but stays in your system) Antiviral; drugs to suppresses symptoms, lessens frequency and or expression of outbreaks
45
What is trichomoniasis?
Caused by a protozoan Mainly transmitted through intercourse can survive outside the body, so non-sexual transmission is possible
46
What are the symptoms of Trichomoniasis?
Symptoms (women): irritant discharge odorous Symptoms (men): penile (urethral) irritation and discharge or no symptoms
47
What can trichomoniasis bring about in the future?
PID, birthing problems, increased susceptibility to HIV
48
What is the treatment for Trichomoniasis?
Treatment: oral medication (metronidazole/Flagl) -antibiotic
49
How can babies get genital warts?
An infant can contract warts by being exposed to genital warts during the birth process. Types 6, 11 can cause: - lesions on the vocal cords - can interfere with breathing - Rare called, respiratory papillomatosis HPV can be transmitted to the fetus via vaginal delivery as well as c-section delivery
50
How many people does HSV infect?
2/3 people under 50
51
What are the 2 types of HSV?
Type 1 causes cold sores and get it in childhood Type 2 causes anal/genital sores (herpes)
52
How can type 1 herpes be transmitted?
Type I (oral herpes) can be spread to the partner's genital area with oral sex
53
How can can type 2 herpes be transmitted?
Nb. HSV II can infect the mouth area as well as the genitals
54
What are the S&S of herpes?
Itching or pain in the genital area (and possibly also on the buttocks, lower back and thighs) Blisters in the genital area that burst, become raw and then crust over Blisters and sores on the buttocks, thighs and groin Possibly headache, fatigue and muscle pains Less commonly, infection with the genital herpes virus may result in fever
55
What is the treatment for herpes?
No cure - The herpes simplex virus is latent within nerves People infected with HSV need information support, coping skills (because Stay in system, doesn’t mean you will have outbreaks all the time it just varies but stays in your system) Antiviral; drugs to suppresses symptoms, lessens frequency and or expression of outbreaks
56
What is trichomoniasis?
Caused by a protozoan Mainly transmitted through intercourse can survive outside the body, so non-sexual transmission is possible
57
What are the symptoms of Trichomoniasis?
Symptoms (women): irritant discharge odorous Symptoms (men): penile (urethral) irritation and discharge or no symptoms
58
What can trichomoniasis bring about in the future?
PID, birthing problems, increased susceptibility to HIV
59
What is the treatment for Trichomoniasis?
Treatment: oral medication (metronidazole/Flagl) -antibiotic
60
What is viral hepatitis?
Hepatitis B, C and D can be transmitted sexually May be asymptomatic May have acute illness that is addressed by the immune system Chronic hepatitis involves liver disease
61
What is the treatment for viral hepatitis?
Antiviral treatment effective for Hepatitis B, slows damage to liver -Vaccine available for prevention
62
How can hep b be transmitted?
Penetrative sex, oral-anal sex, sharing infected needles/equipment
63
What is pubic lice?
Pubic lice attach to pubic hair and lay eggs • Eggs are called Contracted through sexual contact with an infected person • sharing grooming products, towels, clothes Can be found less commonly on other body hair Difficult to see without magnification •may notice bites on skin surrounding the hair follicles
64
What is the treatment and symptoms of pubic lice?
Symptoms - itching, redness of the skin from scratching Treatment – Nix, Rid - Attacks the louse’s nervous system - Wash clothes and sheets
65
How do you prevent STIs?
Consider the benefits of monogamous relationships Avoid contact with someone with symptoms of STIs -Be aware of lumps, bumps discharge if present on yourself or your partner -Remember many STIs are asymptomatic ``` Latex condoms can help protect against STIs Dental Dams Careful washing Urinating before and after intercourse Keeping immune system strong and healthy ```
66
What is the ultimate goal of public health?
Ultimate of public health is to promote healthy sexuality
67
Why are there sexual health education and community based interventions?
Provide information on disease transmission, diagnosis, course of treatment Educate on safer sex practices Optimize communication and disclosure in intimate relationships Decrease the stigma and shame associated with STIs

Sex Psych (27 decks)

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