Chapter 4 - Part 3 Flashcards by Delayne van Dijk

What is cancer?

Dysfunction of DNA/cell division and proliferation/cell death

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What is the second deadliest cause of death in North America?

Cancer in the most developed nations

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How do you decrease the psychological stress of getting a cancer diagnosis?

Strong relationship with a partner can moderate the adjustment and decrease psychological distress following a cancer diagnosis
-sexuality is vulnerable post-diagnosis

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How might sexual functioning be directly affected by cancer?

Surgery
Radiaiton
Chemo
Meds

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How might sexual functioning be indirectly affected by cancer?

Anxiety
Depresison
Decreased energy/fatigue

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What is the common type of treatment of cancer?

Surgery
Radiaition
Oral and intravenous meds
Chemo
Surveillance

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What chance do women have of getting breast cancer?

1 in 8

-5-10% due to genetic factors

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What significance do the breast have for women?

Femininity
Sexuality
Maternal construct

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How can relationship distress/strain result from a women getting Brest cancer?

Womans concern about body image

post lumectomy
mastectomy
reconstruction

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What is BSE?

breast self examination

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How do you do a BSE?

palpating breast to detect alteration in underlying tissue

Once per month, same day each month 10 days after cycle. either standing up or down

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How many people do BSE?

Relatively few women practice BSE

Few women practice BSE correctly

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What are the barriers to BSE?

Not knowing exactly how to do it
Breast tissue tends to be lumpy and beginners find lumps frequently
Fear may act as a deterrent
Synthetic models help accuracy and confidence

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How do you diagnose breast cancer?

Can identify cyst
-fibrocystic mastitis

Can identify cysts other lesions

fibroadenoma (benign tumor)
malignant tumor

Used to guide biopsy of tissue
-guides needle biopsy

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What machines can diagnose breast cancer?

MRI (gold standard)

Mammorgrams (women 50+)

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When are MRIs used to detect breast cancer?

Significant fam history

Positive genetic screening for BRCA1/2 mutations Previous cancer diagnosis

Why are mammograms only recommended for women 50+?

Denser breast tissue for younger people which is why we reecommend 50+

How is breast cancer treated?

Surgery
Radiation
Chemo
Hormone therapy
Surgery

What percent of women have reconstruction surgery?

75% or women will have breast reconsrtrction surgery

-silicone or saline

What is TRAM?

Transverse rectus abdominis

-rectus abdominis muscle

What % of people have cervical cancer/endometrium cnacer

12%

-highly treatable is detected early

What causes cervical cancer and how do you treat it?

HPV and Gardasil vaccine

How do you diagnose cervical cancer?

Pap test
Colposcopy
Cone Biopsy

How do you remove cerival cancer cells?

LEEP precede
Conization
Hysterectomy

How does cancer spread?

Cancer can spread through the lymphnodes and therefore the whole body

What is uterine cancer?

Endometrium affected - S&S are pelvic pain and bleeding between period - diagnos with biopsy - Treat with removal of uterus

What is ovarian cancer?

Affecting ovaries only, often diagnosed in later stages because S&S are similar to a lot more common things -treat with oophorectomy

Why are gynaecological cancers bad?

Altering female reproductive organs can affect sense of female-ness Affect fertility Physical therapies can make sexual expression challenging

What are the sexual side effects of gynaecological cancers?

loss of desire Physical changes that affect sexual expression communication issues with sexual partners Sexuality being lower priority Related to quality of life

What are the needs of survivors of gynaecological cancers?

Communicaition about how sexuality can be affected by this diagnosis Proper assessment for risk of sexual issues Management strategies for dealing with sexual issues Support (practical, informational and emotional)

What is BPH?

benign prostatic hypertrophy is common with aging and non-cancerous

What I cancer of the prostate?

Cells are sometimes malignant | -detected through PSA (blood test) and digital rectum exam

What are treatments for prostate cancer?

Surgery Cyrosurgery Radiation Brachytherapy

How do you diagnose which stage you are at for prostate cancer?

Gleason pattern to diagnos the score and it will determine how aggressive the treatment will be

Who is most likely to get testicular cancer?

Men 15-35

What is testicular cancer?

Present as a painless lump on testes - can have bearing down sensation - differenctial diagnosis from benign causes of lumps in the testes - varicoceles

How do you treat testicular cancer?

Ultra sound for intial mass Blood teat for tutor markers

How to do a proper TSE?

Become familiar with surface texture, consistency of testicles Exam during warm bath and shower Rotate testicle between thumb and forefinger to detect lump

What is the effects on sexuality of testicular canceR?

Decreased testosterone production - may affect desire - other testicle still producing hormone Sexual functioning can be affected by - body image issue - concerns in relation to partners