chapter 4 part 3 Flashcards
(18 cards)
normal glucose metabolism
insulin unlocks the cells so glucose can get in
type 1 diabetes
not enough insulin
type 2 diabetes
insulin doesn’t work right
describe what happens when blood sugar falls (with normal metabolism)
glucagon (hormone) causes glycogen (storage) to be broken down to glucose (fuel)
name the possible results of uncontrolled diabetes
stroke, kidney disease, heart attack, neuropathy, blindness, going to a nursing home while being middle aged
what are the warning signs of diabetes?
frequent urination, excess thrist, hungry, extreme fatigue, blurry vision, cut/bruises that heal slowly
if you were born in 2000, what are your chances of getting diabetes?
1 in 3 Americans
1 in 2 Latino or African Americans
how are type 1 and type 2 diabetes similar?
blood sugar rises in blood, not getting glucose into cells
how do type 1 and type 2 diabetes differ?
type 1 - autoimmune disease, get acidosis from ketones, cows milk in childhood increases likelihood
type 2 - more common, caused by insulin resistance
what does insulin do?
allows glucose to get into the cells
why does glucose need to get into the cells?
to be burned for energy
what happens if glucose does not get into cells?
you have low energy, too much glucose in the blood
what is insulin resistance?
-cells resisting insulin’s work causing the cells to not get enough glucose
why does insulin resistance occur?
the cells have too much fat stored there already
what causes insulin resistance on a cellular level?
too much fat stored in tissues that are not designed to store excess amount of fat
what causes insulin resistance to occur?
too much fat in the diet, too many calories, or obesity
what are the top four sources of saturated fat in the American diet?
cheese, beef, fats and oils, milk
what is the nutrition prescription for diabetes?
reduce fat in the diet (especially saturated fat)
