Chapter 4 (Prokaryotic cell) Flashcards
(28 cards)
A gelatinous polysaccharide and/or polypeptide covering
Glycocalyx
Bacteria that can assume several shapes
Plea morphia
A glycocalyx that is unorganized and loosely attached to the cell wall
Slime layer
An outer, viscous covering on some bacteria composed of a polysaccharide or polypeptide
- protect pathogens from phagocytosis
- enable adherence to surfaces
Capsule
Relatively long filamentous appendages consisting of a filament, hook, and basal body
Flagella
What does prokaryotic flagella do?
Rotate to push cell
Movement toward an attractant
Positive taxis
Movement away from a repellent
Negative taxis
Spiral cells that move by means of an axial filament (endoflagellum)
Spirochetes
The structure of motility found in Spirochetes, wraps around the cell
Axial filaments
Helps cells adhere to surfaces
Fimbriae
- involved in twitching motility and DNA transfer
- an appendage on a bacterial cell used for conjugation and gliding motility
Pili
-surrounds the plasma membrane and protects the cell from changes in water pressure
Cell wall
-consists of peptidoglycan, a polymer consisting of NAG and NAM and short chains of amino acids
Bacterial cell wall
Interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis
Penicillin
What are the three parts of flagella?
- basal body
- hook
- filament
Positive taxis
Movement toward an attractant
Negative taxis
Movement away from a repellent
Help cells to adhere to surfaces
Fimbriae
involved in twitching motility and DNA transfer
Pili
what does the cell wall surround and protect?
Surrounds the plasma membrane and
protects the cells from changes in water pressure
- consists of many layers of peptidoglycan
- contain teichoic acid
Gram-positive cell walls
-have a lipopolysaccharide-lipoprotein-phospholipid outer membrane surrounding a thin peptidoglycan layer
Gram-negative bacteria
-enclose the cytoplasm and is a lipid belayer with peripheral and integral proteins
Plasma membrane
