Chapter 4 - Psychopharmacology

Question 0

Neuromodulator

Answer 0

A chemical messenger that communicates with target cells more distant then the synapse by diffusing away from the point of release

Question 1

Neurotransmitter

Answer 1

A chemical messenger that communicates across a synapse

Question 2

Neurohormone

Answer 2

A chemical messenger that communicates with target cells at a great distance often by traveling through the circulation

Question 3

Small-molecule transmitter

Answer 3

One of a group of chemical messengers that includes amino acids and amines

Question 4

Neuropeptide

Answer 4

A peptide that acts as a neurotransmitter a Neuromodulator or a neurohormone

Question 5

Amino acid

Answer 5

An essential component of proteins

Question 6

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Answer 6

A major small-molecule neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular junction, in the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system

Question 7

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Answer 7

An enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

Question 8

Nicotinic receptor

Answer 8

A post synaptic receptor that responds to nicotine and ACh

Question 9

Muscarinic receptor

Answer 9

A post synaptic receptor that responds to both ACh and muscarine

Question 10

Monoamine

Answer 10

One of a major group of biogenic amine neurotransmitters including dopamine norepinephrine epinephrine and serotonin

Question 11

Catecholamine

Answer 11

A member of a group of related biogenetic amines that includes dopamine epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 12

Indoleamine

Answer 12

One of a subgroup of mono amines including serotonin and melatonin

Question 13

Monoamine oxidase

Answer 13

A enzyme that breaks down monoamines

Question 14

L-Dopa

Answer 14

A substance produced during synthesis of catecholamines that is also administered as a treatment for Parkinson’s Disease

Question 15

Dopamine

Answer 15

A major monoamine and catecholamines neurotransmitter implicated in motor control reward and psychosis

Question 16

Norepinephrine

Answer 16

A major monoamine and catecholamines neurotransmitter

Question 17

Epinephrine

Answer 17

One of the monoamine and carecholamine neurotransmitters also known as adrenaline

Question 18

Serotonin

Answer 18

A major monoamine and indoleamine neurotransmitter believed to participate in the regulation of mood sleep and appetite

Question 19

Glutamate

Answer 19

A major excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter

Question 20

Gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA

Answer 20

A major inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter

Question 21

Adenosine CNS

Answer 21

A byproduct of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that functions as a neurotransmitter

Question 22

Nitric oxide (NO)

Answer 22

A gas they performs a type of signaling between neurons

Question 23

Agonist

Answer 23

Substance that promotes the activity of a neurotransmitter

Question 24

Antagonist

Answer 24

Substance that reduces the action of a neurotransmitter

Question 25

Reserpine

Answer 25

A substance derived from a plant that depletes supplies of monoamines by interfering with the reputake of monoamines into the synaptic vesicles used to treat high blood pressure but often produces depression

Question 26

Botulism

Answer 26

A fatal condition produced by bacteria in spoiled food in which a toxin produced by the bacteria prevents the release of ACh

Question 27

Curare

Answer 27

A substance derived from Amazonian plants that causes paralysis by blocking the nictonic ACh receptor

Question 28

Benzodiazepine

Answer 28

A major tranquilizer that acts as a GABA agonist

Question 29

Barbiturate

Answer 29

A drug that produces strong sedation by acting as a GABA agonist used for amnesia and seizures

Question 30

Reputake inhibitor

Answer 30

Substance that interferes with the transport of released neurotransmitter molecules back into the presumaptic terminal

Question 31

Area prostrema

Answer 31

A brainstem area in which the blood barrier is more permeable that triggers vomiting in response to the detection of circulating toxins

Question 32

Addiction

Answer 32

A compulsive craving for drug effects or other experience

Question 33

Nucleus accumbens

Answer 33

A dopaminergic structure believed to participate in reward and addiction

Question 34

Psychoactive drug

Answer 34

A drug that produces changes in mental processes

Question 35

Caffeine

Answer 35

A stimulant drug found in coffee, tea cola and chocolate that acts as a antagonist to adenosine

Question 36

Nicotine

Answer 36

A stimulant drug that is the major active component found in tobacco

Question 37

Cocaine

Answer 37

A powerful addictive dopamine agonist derived from the leaves of the coca plant of South America

Question 38

Amphetamine

Answer 38

A highly addictive drug that acts as a potent dopamine agonist

Question 39

Methamphetamine

Answer 39

A variation of amphetamine that is cheaply produced and widely abused

Question 40

Ecstasy (MDMA(

Answer 40

a close relative of amphetamine that produces its behavioral effects by stimulating the release of serotonin

Question 41

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

Answer 41

An illegal liquid sedative that appears to affect the thresholds of release for a number of neurotransmitters -date rape body building

Question 42

Morphine

Answer 42

A compound extracted from opium used to treat pain

Question 43

Codeine

Answer 43

An opium derivative used medically for cough suppression and pain relief

Question 44

Opiate

Answer 44

An active substance derived from the opium poppy

Question 45

Endorphin

Answer 45

A naturally occurring Neuropeptide that is very closely related to opioids

Question 46

Tetahydrocannabinol THC

Answer 46

The major ingredient in cannabis

Question 47

Anandamide

Answer 47

A naturally occurring brain chemical that interacts with cannabinol do receptors